Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: Long-Term Follow-Up of 60 Patients

• Published in: Journal of clinical oncology Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 114 - 120
• Main Authors: MIRANDA, Roberto N, ALADILY, Tariq N, SHIFRIN, David A, O'MALLEY, Dennis P, CHEAH, Chan Y, BACCHI, Carlos E, GUALCO, Gabriela, SHIYONG LI, KEECH, John A, HOCHBERG, Ephram P, CARTY, Matthew J, HANSON, Summer E, PRINCE, H. Miles, MUSTAFA, Eid, SANCHEZ, Steven, MANNING, John T, XU-MONETTE, Zijun Y, MIRANDA, Alonso R, FOX, Patricia, BASSETT, Roland L, CASTILLO, Jorge J, BELTRAN, Brady E, DE BOER, Jan Paul, KANAGAL-SHAMANNA, Rashmi, CHAKHACHIRO, Zaher, DONGJIU YE, CLARK, Douglas, YOUNG, Ken H, MEDEIROS, L. Jeffrey, DE JONG, Daphne, FAYAD, Luis E, AMIN, Mitual B, HAIDERI, Nisreen, BHAGAT, Govind, BROOKS, Glen S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Society of Clinical Oncology 10.01.2014
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Breast - drug effects; Breast - pathology; Breast - surgery; Breast Implants - adverse effects; Breast Neoplasms - diagnosis; Breast Neoplasms - etiology; Breast Neoplasms - therapy; Device Removal - statistics & numerical data; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Therapy - methods; Drug Therapy - statistics & numerical data; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases; Humans; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic - diagnosis; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic - etiology; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic - therapy; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; ORIGINAL REPORTS; Rare; Time Factors; Tumors; Watchful Waiting - statistics & numerical data; Human; Implant; Anaplastic cell lymphoma; Malignant hemopathy; Large cell lymphoma; Non Hodgkin lymphoma; Long term; Cancerology; Follow up study; Lymphoproliferative syndrome; Breast; Mammary gland; Cancer
• ISSN: 0732-183X; 1527-7755
• DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.7911

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a recently described clinicopathologic entity that usually presents as an effusion-associated fibrous capsule surrounding an implant. Less frequently, it presents as a mass. The natural history of this disease and long-term outcomes are unknown. We reviewed the literature for all published cases of breast implant-associated ALCL from 1997 to December 2012 and contacted corresponding authors to update clinical follow-up. The median overall survival (OS) for 60 patients was 12 years (median follow-up, 2 years; range, 0-14 years). Capsulectomy and implant removal was performed on 56 of 60 patients (93%). Therapeutic data were available for 55 patients: 39 patients (78%) received systemic chemotherapy, and of the 16 patients (28%) who did not receive chemotherapy, 12 patients opted for watchful waiting and four patients received radiation therapy alone. Thirty-nine (93%) of 42 patients with disease confined by the fibrous capsule achieved complete remission, compared with complete remission in 13 (72%) of 18 patients with a tumor mass. Patients with a breast mass had worse OS and progression-free survival (PFS; P = .052 and P = .03, respectively). The OS or PFS were similar between patients who received and did not receive chemotherapy (P = .44 and P = .28, respectively). Most patients with breast implant-associated ALCL who had disease confined within the fibrous capsule achieved complete remission. Proper management for these patients may be limited to capsulectomy and implant removal. Patients who present with a mass have a more aggressive clinical course that may be fatal, justifying cytotoxic chemotherapy in addition to removal of implants.