Personal Freedom and Social Responsibility in Slowing the Spread of COVID-19: A Rapid Qualitative Study

• Published in: Health education & behavior Vol. 49; no. 1; pp. 26 - 34
• Main Authors: Vázquez, Evelyn, Chobdee, Julie, Nasrollahzadeh, Niloufar, Cheney, Ann
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.02.2022; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: College Students; Community; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Data analysis; Data reduction; Education; Employment; Focus groups; Freedom; Freedoms; Group psychotherapy; Health Education; Health Promotion; Higher education; Higher education institutions; Humans; Masks; Pandemics; Pandemics - prevention & control; Prevention; Public Health; Public spaces; Qualitative analysis; Qualitative research; Research centers; Research facilities; Research institutions; Review boards; Risk perception; Risk reduction; Safety measures; SARS-CoV-2; School Safety; Social meaning; Social Responsibility; Sociocultural factors; Transcription; United States - epidemiology; California; United States; United States > US; college; health education; community health promotion; college health; socioecological model
• ISSN: 1090-1981; 1552-6127
• DOI: 10.1177/10901981211033241

This rapid qualitative exploratory study focused on perceptions of adopting risk-reduction measures, such as face masks, on campuses within institutions of higher education in the United States. It was intended to identify safety measures to reduce virus spread and develop community-informed public health messaging to promote COVID-19 risk-reduction strategies within campus communities. This study was approved by the institutional review board where the study took place. A total of 113 stakeholders, including students, staff, and faculty attended one of nine focus groups. We use the socioecological model to illustrate the use of COVID-19 public health measures in private and public spaces and how macro-level processes, specifically sociocultural values of personal freedom and social responsibility shape the meaning and interpretation of COVID-19 public health measures. A rapid qualitative data analysis was conducted. This analysis was characterized by three steps: (1) transcription of the interviews, (2) completion of a summary template per focus group analysis (data reduction strategy), and (3) matrix analyses involving a cross-case analysis of the nine focus groups conducted. Based on study findings, we offer community-centered recommendations for safe and healthy reopening of large public research institutions. This article contributes to the foundation of scientific literature that qualitatively describes evidence-based strategies for safe reopening of places of education and employment in the COVID-19 pandemic.