Differential Response of Grapevine to Infection with ' Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' in Early and Late Growing Season through Complex Regulation of mRNA and Small RNA Transcriptomes

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 7; p. 3531
• Main Authors: Dermastia, Marina, Škrlj, Blaž, Strah, Rebeka, Anžič, Barbara, Tomaž, Špela, Križnik, Maja, Schönhuber, Christina, Riedle-Bauer, Monika, Ramšak, Živa, Petek, Marko, Kladnik, Aleš, Lavrač, Nada, Gruden, Kristina, Roitsch, Thomas, Brader, Günter, Pompe-Novak, Maruša
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.03.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: bois noir; Candidatus Phytoplasma solani; Carbohydrates; Gene expression; Genes; Genetic engineering; Genomes; grapevine; Hormones; Host plants; Infections; Metabolism; Metabolites; MicroRNAs; miRNA; Molecular interactions; Network analysis; Pathogenicity; Phytoplasma; Plant bacterial diseases; RNA-Seq; Seasons; Signs and symptoms; sRNA-Seq; Transcription; Transcription factors; Transcriptomes; Wineries & vineyards; phasiRNA; interaction network; bois noir; RNA-Seq; grapevine; hormones; miRNA; sRNA-Seq; Candidatus Phytoplasma solani
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073531

Bois noir is the most widespread phytoplasma grapevine disease in Europe. It is associated with ' Phytoplasma solani', but molecular interactions between the causal pathogen and its host plant are not well understood. In this work, we combined the analysis of high-throughput RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq data with interaction network analysis for finding new cross-talks among pathways involved in infection of grapevine cv. Zweigelt with ' . P. solani' in early and late growing seasons. While the early growing season was very dynamic at the transcriptional level in asymptomatic grapevines, the regulation at the level of small RNAs was more pronounced later in the season when symptoms developed in infected grapevines. Most differentially expressed small RNAs were associated with biotic stress. Our study also exposes the less-studied role of hormones in disease development and shows that hormonal balance was already perturbed before symptoms development in infected grapevines. Analysis at the level of communities of genes and mRNA-microRNA interaction networks revealed several new genes (e.g., expansins and cryptdin) that have not been associated with phytoplasma pathogenicity previously. These novel actors may present a new reference framework for research and diagnostics of phytoplasma diseases of grapevine.