Transabdominal vesical sonography of urethral syndrome and stress incontinence

• Published in: International journal of urology Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 36 - 42
• Main Authors: SUGAYA, KIMIO, NISHIJIMA, SAORI, ODA, MASAMI, OWAN, TOMOKO, ASHITOMI, KATSUHIRO, MIYAZATO, MINORU, MOROZUMI, MAKOTO, HATANO, TADASHI, OGAWA, YOSHIHIDE
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Melbourne, Australia Blackwell Science Pty 01.01.2003
• Subjects: Adult; bladder base plate; bladder neck; Cystitis - pathology; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Supine Position; Ultrasonography; Urethral Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Urethral Diseases - pathology; Urinary Bladder - diagnostic imaging; Urinary Bladder - pathology; Urinary Incontinence, Stress - diagnostic imaging; Urinary Incontinence, Stress - pathology; Urologic Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Urologic Diseases - pathology; Urothelium - pathology; vesical wall angle; women
• ISSN: 0919-8172; 1442-2042
• DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00556.x

Background: Transabdominal ultrasonography was used to study the bladder neck morphology in women with urethral syndrome or stress urinary incontinence, in order to determine the ultrasonographic findings of these conditions. Methods: A total of 210 female patients with a normal bladder, asymptomatic trigonitis, urethral syndrome, and stress incontinence were studied. The mucosal thickness around the bladder neck, the length of the anterior base plate of the bladder, and the anteroposterior vesical wall angle (APVA) at the bladder neck were measured on sagittal transabdominal vesical ultrasonograms with the patient in the supine position. Results: Patients with asymptomatic trigonitis or urethral syndrome had thicker mucosa around the bladder neck than the subjects with a normal bladder, and the subjects with stress incontinence had normal mucosa. The APVA was 158 ± 17 (mean ± SD) degrees in the subjects with a normal bladder. It was smaller in symptomatic patients and decreased to 109 ± 10 degrees in those with conservative therapy‐resistant incontinence. The anterior edge of the vesical base plate was visible approximately 2 cm from the bladder neck in subjects without incontinence, while it tended to be absent in patients with incontinence and an APVA of less than 126 degrees. Conclusion: A small APVA appears to reflect bladder neck descent, while a small APVA without a visible anterior base plate edge may reflect hypotonia of the vesical base plate. Transabdominal vesical ultrasonography with the patient in the supine position provides useful information and can be carried out as a routine examination in female patients with micturition disorders.