Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells

• Published in: Bone Research Vol. 2; no. 3; pp. 139 - 151
• Main Authors: Wang, Ping, Zhao, Liang, Liu, Jason, Weir, Michael D, Zhou, Xuedong, Xu, Hockin H K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 30.09.2014; Springer Nature B.V; Biomaterials&Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and 0perative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA%State Key Laboratory of 0ral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/61/2035; 631/61/490; 631/61/54; 692/699/1670/316; Internal Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Orthopedics; Review; review-article; 复合材料; 干细胞; 成骨分化; 生物材料; 相互作用; 磷酸钙骨水泥; 纳米结构; 骨组织工程
• ISSN: 2095-4700; 2095-6231
• DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.17

Tissue engineering is promising to meet the increasing need for bone regeneration. Nanostructured calcium phosphate （CAP） biomaterials/scaffolds are of special interest as they share chemical/crystallographic similarities to inorganic components of bone. Three applications of nano-CaP are discussed in this review： nanostructured calcium phosphate cement （CPC）; nano-CaP composites; and nano-CaP coatings. The interactions between stem cells and nano-CaP are highlighted, including cell attachment, orientation/ morphology, differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration. Several trends can be seen： （i） nano-CaP biomaterials support stem cell attachment/proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation, in some cases even without osteogenic supplements; （ii） the influence of nano-CaP surface patterns on cell alignment is not prominent due to non-uniform distribution of nano-crystals; （iii） nano-CaP can achieve better bone regeneration than conventional CaP biomaterials; （iv） combining stem cells with nano-CaP accelerates bone regeneration, the effect of which can be further enhanced by growth factors; and （v） cell microencapsulation in nano-CaP scaffolds is promising for bone tissue engineering. These understandings would help researchers to further uncover the underlying mechanisms and interactions in nano-CaP stem cell constructs in vitro and in vivo, tailor nano-CaP composite construct design and stem cell type selection to enhance cell function and bone regeneration, and translate laboratory findings to clinical treatments.