Genome-Wide Analysis of the Drosophila Immune Response by Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays

To identify new Drosophila genes involved in the immune response, we monitored the gene expression profile of adult flies in response to microbial infection by using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays encompassing nearly the full Drosophila genome. Of 13,197 genes tested, we have characterized...

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Published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 98; no. 22; pp. 12590 - 12595
Main Authors De Gregorio, Ennio, Spellman, Paul T., Rubin, Gerald M., Lemaitre, Bruno
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States National Academy of Sciences 23.10.2001
National Acad Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences
Subjects
Animals
Biological Sciences
Drosophila
Drosophila - genetics
Drosophila - immunology
Drosophila melanogaster
Fungal infections
Gene expression regulation
gene function
Genes
Genetics
Immune response
Immunity, Innate - genetics
Immunology
Infections
Insects
Male
Melanins - metabolism
Melanization
Microorganisms
NF-B protein
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
oligonucleotides
Phagocytosis
Proteins
Serine Endopeptidases - genetics
Tolls
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Summary:To identify new Drosophila genes involved in the immune response, we monitored the gene expression profile of adult flies in response to microbial infection by using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays encompassing nearly the full Drosophila genome. Of 13,197 genes tested, we have characterized 230 induced and 170 repressed by microbial infection, most of which had not previously been associated with the immune response. Many of these genes can be assigned to specific aspects of the immune response, including recognition, phagocytosis, coagulation, melanization, activation of NF-κB transcription factors, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, production of reactive oxygen species, and regulation of iron metabolism. Additionally, we found a large number of genes with unknown function that may be involved in control and execution of the immune response. Determining the function of these genes represents an important challenge for improving our knowledge of innate immunity. Complete results may be found at http://www.fruitfly.org/expression/immunity/.
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To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: lemaitre@cgm.cnrs-gif.fr.
Contributed by Gerald M. Rubin
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.221458698