Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in double-strand break repair: Focus on PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3

• Published in: Experimental cell research Vol. 329; no. 1; pp. 18 - 25
• Main Authors: Beck, Carole, Robert, Isabelle, Reina-San-Martin, Bernardo, Schreiber, Valérie, Dantzer, Françoise
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 15.11.2014; Elsevier BV; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; Cellular biology; DNA; DNA - genetics; DNA Damage; DNA Damage - genetics; DNA Repair; Enzymes; Genomics; Homologous recombination; Humans; Life Sciences; Non homologous end joining; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - metabolism; Proteins; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases; Non homologous end joining; DNA repair; Homologous recombination
• ISSN: 0014-4827; 1090-2422; 1090-2422
• DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.003

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification of proteins catalysed by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP). A wealth of recent advances in the biochemical and functional characterization of the DNA-dependent PARP family members have highlighted their key contribution in the DNA damage response network, the best characterized being the role of PARP1 and PARP2 in the resolution of single-strand breaks as part of the BER/SSBR process. How PARylation contributes to the repair of double-strand breaks is less well defined but has become recently the subject of significant research in the field. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the role of the DNA-activated PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3 in cellular response to double-strand breaks (DSB). In addition, we outline the biological significance of these properties in response to programmed DNA lesions formed during physiological processes such as antibody repertoire assembly and diversification. •PARP1 is a key modulator of HR-mediated repair of DSB at collapsed forks.•PARP1 participates in A-EJ.•PARP3 prevents from extensive end resection to promote DSB repair by C-NHEJ.•PARP1 and PARP2 protect from illegitimate recombinations in the context of high genomic instability.