Brain immaturity is associated with brain injury before and after neonatal cardiac surgery with high-flow bypass and cerebral oxygenation monitoring

Background New intraparenchymal brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging is observed in 36% to 73% of neonates after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Brain immaturity in this population is common. We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging before and after neonatal cardiac surgery,...

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Published inThe Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery Vol. 139; no. 3; pp. 543 - 556
Main Authors Andropoulos, Dean B., MD, MHCM, Hunter, Jill V., MD, Nelson, David P., MD, Stayer, Stephen A., MD, Stark, Ann R., MD, McKenzie, E. Dean, MD, Heinle, Jeffrey S., MD, Graves, Daniel E., PhD, Fraser, Charles D., MD
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York, NY Mosby, Inc 01.03.2010
AATS/WTSA
Elsevier
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Summary:Background New intraparenchymal brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging is observed in 36% to 73% of neonates after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Brain immaturity in this population is common. We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging before and after neonatal cardiac surgery, using a high-flow cardiopulmonary bypass protocol, hypothesizing that brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging would be associated with brain immaturity. Methods Cardiopulmonary bypass protocol included 150 mL · kg−1 · min−1 flows, pH stat management, hematocrit > 30%, and high-flow antegrade cerebral perfusion. Regional brain oxygen saturation was monitored, with a treatment protocol for regional brain oxygen saturation < 50%. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, consisting of T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed preoperatively, 7 days postoperatively, and at age 3 to 6 months. Results Twenty-four of 67 patients (36%) had new postoperative white matter injury, infarction, or hemorrhage, and 16% had new white matter injury. Associations with preoperative brain injury included low brain maturity score ( P = .002). Postoperative white matter injury was associated with single-ventricle diagnosis ( P = .02), preoperative white matter injury ( P < .001), and low brain maturity score ( P = .05). Low brain maturity score was also associated with more severe postoperative brain injury ( P = .01). Forty-five patients had a third scan, with a 27% incidence of new minor lesions, but 58% of previous lesions had partially or completely resolved. Conclusions We observed a significant incidence of both pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging abnormality and an association with brain immaturity. Many lesions resolved in the first 6 months after surgery. Timing of delivery and surgery with bypass could affect the risk of brain injury.
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ISSN:0022-5223
1097-685X
DOI:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.08.022