nationwide molecular epidemiological study on hepatitis B virus in Indonesia: identification of two novel subgenotypes, B8 and C7

• Published in: Archives of virology Vol. 154; no. 7; pp. 1047 - 1059
• Main Authors: Mulyanto, Depamede, Sulaiman Ngongu, Surayah, Kiely, Tsuda, Fumio, Ichiyama, Koji, Takahashi, Masaharu, Okamoto, Hiroaki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vienna Vienna : Springer Vienna 01.07.2009; Springer Vienna; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antibodies, Viral - blood; Bats; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genomes; Genotype; Genotype & phenotype; Geography; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B - blood; Hepatitis B - epidemiology; Hepatitis B - genetics; Hepatitis B - immunology; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B virus - classification; Hepatitis B virus - genetics; Hepatitis D - epidemiology; Hepatitis Delta Virus - genetics; Hepatitis Delta Virus - isolation & purification; Humans; Indonesia - epidemiology; Infections; Infectious Diseases; Islands; Medical Microbiology; Medicine; Microbiology; Minority & ethnic groups; Miscellaneous; Molecular Epidemiology - methods; Molecular Sequence Data; Original Article; Pacific Islands - epidemiology; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; RNA, Viral - genetics; Virology; Asia; Indonesia; Pacific Islands; Papua Indonesia; Mataram; Moluccas; Japan; Entire Genomic Sequence; Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection; Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome; Hepatitis Delta Virus; HBsAg Subtype; Virus; Orthohepadnavirus; Identification; Hepatitis B virus; Hepadnaviridae
• ISSN: 0304-8608; 1432-8798
• DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0406-9

Upon phylogenetic analysis of a partial S gene sequence [396 nucleotides (nt)], 928 hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains obtained from 899 viremic subjects in 28 major cities on 15 islands of Indonesia in 1989-2007 segregated into four HBV genotypes. Genotype B was predominant (66%), followed by genotype C (26%), genotype D (7%), and genotype A (0.8%). Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the 396-nt S gene sequence of 928 HBV isolates and whole genomic sequences of 25 selected HBV isolates revealed a total of 14 subgenotypes within genotypes A-D: two (A1 and A2) in genotype A (HBV/A), five (B2, B3, B5, B7, and a novel subgenotype, tentatively designated B8) in HBV/B, five (C1, C2, C5, C6, and another novel subgenotype, C7) in HBV/C, and two (D1 and D3) in HBV/D. The distribution of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes, including B8 and C7, seems to be associated with ethnological origins in Indonesia.