Effects of a Macro-Roughness Element on Tsunami Wave Amplification, Pressures, and Loads: Physical Model and Comparison to Japanese and US Design Equations

Experiments were conducted at a 1:20 length scale in a large tsunami flume to measure wave evolution and pressures on and around structural elements. The water surface profiles of waves propagating across a bare beach were compared with those recorded in front of an onshore obstacle representing an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCoastal Engineering Journal Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 1750004-1 - 1750004-25
Main Authors Tomiczek, Tori, Prasetyo, Adi, Mori, Nobuhito, Yasuda, Tomohiro, Kennedy, Andrew
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Abingdon Taylor & Francis 01.03.2017
World Scientific Publishing Company
Taylor & Francis Inc
Subjects
ASCE7
bare-earth simulation
Beaches
Breaking waves
Design
Earth
Earth surface
Flumes
Gauges
JCO
Loads (forces)
Offshore
pressure impulse
Profiles
Roughness
Structural members
time-averaged load
Tsunami design
Tsunamis
Water surface profiles
Wave amplification
Wave propagation
Waves
ASCE7
Tsunami design
time-averaged load
pressure impulse
bare-earth simulation
JCO
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Summary:Experiments were conducted at a 1:20 length scale in a large tsunami flume to measure wave evolution and pressures on and around structural elements. The water surface profiles of waves propagating across a bare beach were compared with those recorded in front of an onshore obstacle representing an urban macro-roughness element. The addition of a structure significantly changed the water surface profile for broken waves: the water surface amplification in the presence of a macro-roughness element reached seven times the bare-earth water surface elevation. Estimated pressures from design equations were calculated using recommended inputs and compared with pressures recorded by gauges installed on the structural elements. Design equations showed good agreement for non-breaking wave pressures but underestimated peak pressures for breaking waves. Likewise, force integrations of measured pressures on the experimental specimen indicated that design equations may underestimate loads due to waves that break offshore and propagate across a beach as a turbulent bore. The time-integrated pressure impulse was shown to be less sensitive to wave characteristics than the peak recorded pressures. Time-averaged loading curves were also developed for different average periods.
ISSN:2166-4250
0578-5634
1793-6292
DOI:10.1142/S0578563417500048