Chloroplast Proteomics and the Compartmentation of Plastidial Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Pathways

• Published in: Molecular plant Vol. 2; no. 6; pp. 1154 - 1180
• Main Authors: Joyard, Jacques, Ferro, Myriam, Masselon, Christophe, Seigneurin-Berny, Daphné, Salvi, Daniel, Garin, Jérôme, Rolland, Norbert
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01.11.2009; Oxford University Press; Cell Press/Oxford UP
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis - metabolism; Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; carotenoid biosynthesis; Chlorophyll - biosynthesis; Chlorophyll - metabolism; chlorophyll degradation; Chloroplasts - genetics; Chloroplasts - metabolism; Databases, Protein; envelope; Life Sciences; Non-mevalonate pathway; Plant Proteins - genetics; Plastids - genetics; Plastids - metabolism; prenylquinone biosynthesis; Proteomics; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; stroma; thylakoids; 叶绿体; 异戊二烯; 生物合成途径; 蛋白质组学; envelope; chlorophyll biosynthesis; carotenoid biosynthesis; chlorophyll degradation; stroma; prenylquinone biosynthesis; Non-mevalonate pathway; thylakoids; isoprenoid biosynthesis; metabolic pathway; chloroplast; subcellular localization; plant; metabolism; proteome
• ISSN: 1674-2052; 1752-9867
• DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp088

Recent advances in the proteomic field have allowed high-throughput experiments to be conducted on chloroplast samples. Many proteomic investigations have focused on either whole chloroplast or sub-plastidial fractions. To date, the Plant Protein Database (PPDB, Sun et al., 2009) presents the most exhaustive chloroplast proteome available online. However, the accurate localization of many proteins that were identified in different sub-plastidial compartments remains hypothetical. Ferro et al. (2009) went a step further into the knowledge of Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast proteins with regards to their accurate localization within the chloroplast by using a semi-quantitative proteomic approach known as spectral counting. Their proteomic strategy was based on the accurate mass and time tags (AMT) database approach and they built up AT_CHLORO, a comprehensive chloroplast proteome database with sub-plastidial localization and curated information on envelope proteins. Comparing these two extensive databases, we focus here on about 100 enzymes involved in the synthesis of chloroplast-specific isoprenoids. Well known pathways (i.e. compartmentation of the methyl erythritol phosphate biosynthetic pathway, of tetrapyrroles and chlorophyll biosynthesis and breakdown within chloroplasts) validate the spectral counting-based strategy. The same strategy was then used to identify the precise localization of the biosynthesis of carotenoids and prenylquinones within chloroplasts (i.e. in envelope membranes, stroma, and/or thylakoids) that remains unclear until now.