Advances in Diagnostic Techniques for Influenza Virus Infection: A Comprehensive Review

Influenza poses a significant global health burden due to its high transmissibility, antigenic variability, and substantial morbidity. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has further complicated influenza dynamics, highlighting the need for rapid, accurate, and...

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Published inTropical medicine and infectious disease Vol. 10; no. 6; p. 152
Main Authors Qian, Qi, Fan, Guohao, Yang, Wei, Shen, Chenguang, Yang, Yang, Liu, Yingxia, Xiao, Weiwei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 28.05.2025
MDPI
Subjects
Analysis
Antibodies
Antigens
Cell culture
Detectors
Diagnosis
diagnostics
Drug resistance
Evolution & development
immunological tests
Immunology
Infections
Influenza
influenza virus
Influenza viruses
Methods
Methylene blue
novel technologies
nucleic acid diagnosis
Review
Serology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Viral infections
Viruses
World health
influenza virus
novel technologies
diagnostics
immunological tests
nucleic acid diagnosis
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Summary:Influenza poses a significant global health burden due to its high transmissibility, antigenic variability, and substantial morbidity. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has further complicated influenza dynamics, highlighting the need for rapid, accurate, and accessible diagnostics. This review comprehensively summarized the advancements in influenza virus (IFV) detection, from conventional methods like viral culture and serology to modern molecular techniques, including CRISPR-based systems, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and biosensors. We analyze the sensitivity, specificity, and applicability of these methods and emphasize their roles in clinical and public health settings. While traditional techniques remain valuable for strain characterization, novel technologies like CRISPR and portable biosensors offer rapid, low-resource solutions. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the development of integrated diagnostic strategies for seasonal IFV epidemics and future pandemics.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2414-6366
2414-6366
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed10060152