Neutrophil peptide 1 accelerates the clearance of degenerative axons during Wallerian degeneration by activating macrophages after peripheral nerve crush injury
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00036/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Macrophages play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration, but the specific mechanism of regeneration is still unclear. Our preliminary findings indicated that neutrophil peptide 1 is an innate immune pep...
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Published in | Neural regeneration research Vol. 19; no. 8; pp. 1822 - 1827 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
India
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
01.08.2024
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00036/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Macrophages play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration, but the specific mechanism of regeneration is still unclear. Our preliminary findings indicated that neutrophil peptide 1 is an innate immune peptide closely involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the mechanism by which neutrophil peptide 1 enhances nerve regeneration remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil peptide 1 and macrophages in vivo and in vitro in peripheral nerve crush injury. The functions of RAW 264.7 cells were elucidated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, migration assays, phagocytosis assays, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Axonal debris phagocytosis was observed using the CUBIC (Clear, Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational analysis) optical clearing technique during Wallerian degeneration. Macrophage inflammatory factor expression in different polarization states was detected using a protein chip. The results showed that neutrophil peptide 1 promoted the proliferation, migration and phagocytosis of macrophages, and CD206 expression on the surface of macrophages, indicating M2 polarization. The axonal debris clearance rate during Wallerian degeneration was enhanced after neutrophil peptide 1 intervention. Neutrophil peptide 1 also downregulated inflammatory factors interleukin-1α, -6, -12, and tumor necrosis factor-α in vivo and in vitro. Thus, the results suggest that neutrophil peptide 1 activates macrophages and accelerates Wallerian degeneration, which may be one mechanism by which neutrophil peptide 1 enhances peripheral nerve regeneration. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work. Author contributions: Study design, critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: HX and NH. Experimental implementation, manuscript writing and data analysis: YK, YY and QL. Drug preparation and data analysis: YK and WX. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. |
ISSN: | 1673-5374 1876-7958 |
DOI: | 10.4103/1673-5374.387978 |