Analytical chemistry of the persistent organic pollutants identified in the Stockholm Convention: A review

• Published in: Analytica chimica acta Vol. 790; pp. 1 - 13
• Main Authors: Xu, Weiguang, Wang, Xian, Cai, Zongwei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 06.08.2013
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Conventions; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Instrumental analyses; Lipids; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; Mathematical analysis; Organisms; Persistent organic pollutants; Pollutants; Quality control; Sample preparation; Transformations; SPE; PFAS; BFR; PCDF; HRMS; PCDE; SPMD; SPME; Sample preparation; PCDD; LRAT; SCCP; Persistent organic pollutants; GC×GC; WHO; LOD; UNEP; EI; PFOSF; HCB; MS; GMP; HCH; PCB; POPRC; DCM; MAE; ITMS; SIM; UAE; PCN; TBBPA; Instrumental analyses; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; DL-PCBs; CRM; BDE; DDE; LLE; AMAP; DDD; POPs; PLE; APCI; USEPA; EU/CEN; SC; SFE; DDT; ECNI-MS; PBDE; ESI; GC; PUF; PFSA; QA/QC; ECD; PFOA; PFCA; JIS; UPLC; LC; NIST; CPE; HBCD; OCP; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; PFOS; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Liquid–liquid extraction; Short-chain chlorinated paraffins; Per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances; Brominated diphenyl ether; Perfluorooctanic acid; World Health Organization; Electrospray ionization; Dioxin-like PCBs; Hexabromocyclododecane; Arctic monitoring and assessment programme; Dichloromethane; United Nation Environment Programme; Mass spectrometry; Global monitoring plan; Ion trap mass spectrometry; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid; Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Supercritical fluid extraction; Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; Polychlorinated diphenyl ether; Persistent organic pollutants review committee; High resolution mass spectrometry; Microwave assisted extraction; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin; Pressurized liquid extraction; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; Polychlorinated naphthalene; Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; Tetrabromobisphenol A; Ultra-performance liquid chromatography; Long-range atmospheric transport; Hexachlorobenzene; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Electron capture detector; Liquid chromatography; Brominated flame retardant; Solid-phase extraction; Gas chromatography; Electron ionization; Cloud point extraction; Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; Solid-phase microextraction; Polychlorinated dibenzofuran; Semi-permeable membrane device; Limit of detection; Polybrominated diphenyl ether; Selected ion monitoring; Ultrasonic assisted extraction; Organic chlorinated pesticide; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry; Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid; Certified reference material; Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride; Japanese industrial standards; Stockholm Convention; European Union/Comité Européen de Normalisation; Quality assurance and quality control; Polyurethane foam
• ISSN: 0003-2670; 1873-4324
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.026

•Current analytical techniques for POPs in environment and biota are reviewed.•The review covers most updated literatures reports on POPs analysis.•For the first time, analysis of new POPs under Stockholm Convention is reviewed.•Future perspectives on POPs, especially the potential POPs, are discussed. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are major environmental concern due to their persistence, long-range transportability, bio-accumulation and potentially adverse effects on living organisms. Analytical chemistry plays an essential role in the measurement of POPs and provides important information on their distribution and environmental transformations. Much effort has been devoted during the last two decades to the development of faster, safer, more reliable and more sensitive analytical techniques for these pollutants. Since the Stockholm Convention (SC) on POPs was adopted 12 years ago, analytical methods have been extensively developed. This review article introduces recent analytical techniques and applications for the determination of POPs in environmental and biota samples, and summarizes the extraction, separation and instrumental analyses of the halogenated POPs. Also, this review covers important aspects for the analyses of SC POPs (e.g. lipid determination and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)), and finally discusses future trends for improving the POPs analyses and for potential new POPs.