Polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus fruits: absorption, metabolism, and anticancer mechanisms against breast cancer

Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) are a subclass of flavonoids found in citrus fruits that have shown multifunctional biological activities and potential anticancer effects against breast cancer. We studied the absorption, metabolism, species source, toxicity, anti-cancer mechanisms, and molecular...

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Published inPeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 11; p. e16711
Main Authors Wang, Yiyu, Mou, Yuan, Lu, Senlin, Xia, Yuhua, Cheng, Bo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States PeerJ. Ltd 03.01.2024
PeerJ, Inc
PeerJ Inc
Subjects
Absorption and metabolism
Anti-breast cancer
Antitumor activity
Bioavailability
Biosynthesis
Breast cancer
Cancer
Carcinogens
Care and treatment
Cell cycle
Citrus
Citrus fruits
Cytochrome P-450
Demethylation
Enzymes
Estrogen
Estrogens
Flavonoids
Flavonoids - pharmacology
Fruit
Hydroxylation
Isoflavones
Keywords
Ligands
Metabolism
Metabolites
Methylation
Molecular mechanism
Neoplasms
Oncology, Experimental
Physiological aspects
Polymethoxylated flavonoids
Prevention
Steroids
Toxicity
Tumors
Absorption and metabolism
Anti-breast cancer
Polymethoxylated flavonoids
Molecular mechanism
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Summary:Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) are a subclass of flavonoids found in citrus fruits that have shown multifunctional biological activities and potential anticancer effects against breast cancer. We studied the absorption, metabolism, species source, toxicity, anti-cancer mechanisms, and molecular targets of PMFs to better utilize their anticancer activity against breast cancer. We discuss the absorption and metabolism of PMFs in the body, including the methylation, demethylation, and hydroxylation processes. The anticancer mechanisms of PMFs against breast cancer were also reviewed, including the estrogen activity, cytochrome P-450 enzyme system, and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibition, along with various molecular targets and potential anticancer effects. Although PMFs may be advantageous in the prevention and treatment for breast cancer, there is a lack of clinical evidence and data to support their efficacy. Despite their promise, there is still a long way to go before PMFs can be applied clinically.
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ISSN:2167-8359
2167-8359
DOI:10.7717/peerj.16711