Homologue and isomer distribution of dioxins observed in water samples collected from Kahokugata Lagoon and inflowing rivers, Japan

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) Vol. 40; no. 10; pp. 1929 - 1940
• Main Authors: Kakimoto, Hitoshi, Oka, Hideo, Miyata, Yoshiaki, Yonezawa, Yumiko, Niikawa, Akiko, Kyudo, Hirohisa, Tang, Ning, Toriba, Akira, Kizu, Ryoichi, Hayakawa, Kazuichi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2006; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Dioxin; Dioxins - analysis; Dioxins - chemistry; Dyeing discharge; Environmental Monitoring; Exact sciences and technology; Freshwater; Herbicide; Homologue; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - chemistry; Isomer; Isomerism; Japan; Kahokugata Lagoon; Oryza sativa; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge; Pollution; Rivers - chemistry; Wastes; Water basin; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water treatment and pollution; Asia; Japan; Dyeing discharge; co-PCB: co-planar polychlorinated biphenyl; Homologue; Dioxin; Kahokugata Lagoon; PCDD: polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin; CNP: chloronitrofen; Water basin; PCP: pentachlorophenol; Herbicide; Isomer; PCDF: polychlorinated dibenzofuran; Dyes; Dioxin derivatives; Chlorine; Toxicity; Pesticides; Kahokugata Lagoon;Water basin;Dioxin;Homologue;Isomer;Herbicide;Dyeing discharge; Indicator; Coastal lagoon; Persistent organic pollutant; Seasonal variation; Surface water; Toxic equivalency factor; Agriculture; Stream; Pentachlorophenol; Paddy field; Sampling; Organic compounds
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.039

Water samples were collected at 17 sites in Kahokugata Water Basin, a closed water basin in central Japan. We determined the concentration of dioxins of the water samples. Linear relationships between toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of dioxin and concentrations of suspended solid (SS) were obtained at sites in Kahokugata Lagoon and in the rivers flowing into the lagoon. Homologue composition of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) indicated that all the water samples were still strongly influenced by chlorinated herbicides, such as chloronitrofen (CNP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) that had been widely used in rice fields. The main isomer distributions of the PCDD homologues were not significantly different among the sampling sites, while the main isomer distributions of the PCDF homologues were considerably different among the sampling sites. At a few sampling points in the downstream part of one of the rivers, high concentrations of 1,3,6,7,8-pentachloro dibenzofuran (1,3,6,7,8-PeCDF) and its related isomers (1,3,6,8-chlorine-substituted PCDFs) were traced to a dye manufacturing plant. These non-toxic isomers are usually only minor constituents in environmental water samples and are not indicators of any known dioxin sources. The dyeing discharge was found to make a contribution only in the water samples collected near the plant and the seasonal variation of the contribution might depend on the flow rate of the river.