The impact and complete genome characterisation of viruses involved in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in a farrow-to-finish holding

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 18780
• Main Authors: Brnić, Dragan, Vlahović, Dunja, Gudan Kurilj, Andrea, Maltar-Strmečki, Nadica, Lojkić, Ivana, Kunić, Valentina, Jemeršić, Lorena, Bačani, Ivica, Kompes, Gordan, Beck, Relja, Mikuletič, Tina, Steyer, Andrej
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 31.10.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/326/107; 631/326/596; Coronaviruses; Diarrhea; Epidemics; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal diseases; Genomes; Genotypes; Heterogeneity; Hogs; Humanities and Social Sciences; Intensive farming; Mixed infection; multidisciplinary; Outbreaks; Rotavirus; S gene; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Statistics; Swine; Viruses; VP1 protein; Whole genome sequencing
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45994-4

Viral enteric pathogens continuously burden intensive pig farming, causing gastrointestinal diseases of epidemic and endemic nature. The present study investigated two diarrhoea outbreaks on a large farrow-to-finish holding and subsequent circulation of outbreak-related enteric viruses. These viruses were characterised by whole genome sequencing, and statistical evaluation of the impact on specific production metrics was performed. The results provided evidence that the Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus –swine enteric coronavirus (PEDV–SeCoV) S gene recombinant strain was responsible for the first outbreak, whilst Rotavirus A (RVA) in a mixed infection with Rotavirus B (RVB) and porcine kobuvirus (PKV) probably caused the second diarrhoea outbreak. Whole genome characterisation revealed a porcine origin of all viruses involved and significant heterogeneity of RVB strain, proposing four novel genotypes and changes in RVB VP1 genotype classification. The statistical evaluation confirmed only a minor disturbance in the number of weaned pigs per sow, with statistical forecasting showing positive trends. A follow-up study corroborated the endemicity of RVA and PKV, in contrast to PEDV–SeCoV. Punctual, comprehensive and timely investigation of diarrhoea outbreaks is a prerequisite for applying adequate pig health and biosecurity management. Calculating such outbreaks' impact on production metrics can potentially shape future decisions on management improvements.