The Overlap of Kidney Failure in Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis in Children-Case Report and Review of Literature

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 8; p. 7327
• Main Authors: Mocanu, Adriana, Bogos, Roxana Alexandra, Trandafir, Laura Mihaela, Cojocaru, Elena, Ioniuc, Ileana, Alecsa, Mirabela, Lupu, Vasile Valeriu, Miron, Lucian, Lazaruc, Tudor Ilie, Lupu, Ancuta, Miron, Ingrith Crenguta, Starcea, Iuliana Magdalena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acute Kidney Injury - pathology; Adult; Child; Children; chronic kidney disease; Chronic kidney failure; Development and progression; Diagnosis; extrapulmonary sarcoidosis; Granuloma - pathology; Health aspects; Humans; Kidney - pathology; Male; Nephritis, Interstitial - pathology; nephrocalcinosis; Pediatrics; Physiological aspects; Review; Sarcoidosis - complications; Sarcoidosis - diagnosis; Sarcoidosis - pathology; chronic kidney disease; children; nephrocalcinosis; extrapulmonary sarcoidosis
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087327

Sarcoidosis is a non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammatory multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology. In children, as in adults, it can involve a few or all organ systems to a varying extent and degree, entailing multisystemic manifestations. Kidney involvement in pediatric-onset adult-type sarcoidosis is rare, with a wide range of renal manifestations, most of them related to calcium metabolism. Children with renal sarcoidosis tend to be more symptomatic than adults, although male patients have a higher prevalence. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with advanced renal failure with nephrocalcinosis and important hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination, with consequent cortisone therapy and hemodialysis. This review emphasizes that sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients with acute kidney insufficiency or chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology. As far as we know, this is the first study regarding extrapulmonary sarcoidosis in children from Romania.