Dynamic Molecular Evolution of Mammalian Homeobox Genes: Duplication, Loss, Divergence and Gene Conversion Sculpt PRD Class Repertoires
The majority of homeobox genes are highly conserved across animals, but the eutherian-specific ETCHbox genes, embryonically expressed and highly divergent duplicates of CRX , are a notable exception. Here we compare the ETCHbox genes of 34 mammalian species, uncovering dynamic patterns of gene loss...
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Published in | Journal of molecular evolution Vol. 89; no. 6; pp. 396 - 414 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York
Springer US
01.07.2021
Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | The majority of homeobox genes are highly conserved across animals, but the eutherian-specific ETCHbox genes, embryonically expressed and highly divergent duplicates of
CRX
, are a notable exception. Here we compare the ETCHbox genes of 34 mammalian species, uncovering dynamic patterns of gene loss and tandem duplication, including the presence of a large tandem array of
LEUTX
loci in the genome of the European rabbit (
Oryctolagus cuniculus
). Despite extensive gene gain and loss, all sampled species possess at least two ETCHbox genes, suggesting their collective role is indispensable. We find evidence for positive selection and show that
TPRX1
and
TPRX2
have been the subject of repeated gene conversion across the Boreoeutheria, homogenising their sequences and preventing divergence, especially in the homeobox region. Together, these results are consistent with a model where mammalian ETCHbox genes are dynamic in evolution due to functional overlap, yet have collective indispensable roles. |
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Bibliography: | Handling editor: David Liberles |
ISSN: | 0022-2844 1432-1432 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00239-021-10012-6 |