Effects of extracellular vesicles derived from oral bacteria on osteoclast differentiation and activation
Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota plays an important role in the progression of periodontitis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and alveolar bone loss, and associated with systemic diseases. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various bioactive molecules and show diverse effe...
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Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 14239 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
20.08.2022
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota plays an important role in the progression of periodontitis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and alveolar bone loss, and associated with systemic diseases. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various bioactive molecules and show diverse effects on host environments depending on the bacterial species. Recently, we reported that EVs derived from
Filifactor alocis,
a Gram-positive periodontal pathogen, had osteoclastogenic activity. In the present study, we analysed the osteoclastogenic potency and immunostimulatory activity of EVs derived from the Gram-negative periodontal pathogens
Porphyromonas gingivalis
and
Tannerella forsythia
, the oral commensal bacterium
Streptococcus oralis
, and the gut probiotic strain
Lactobacillus reuteri
. Bacterial EVs were purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation using OptiPrep (iodixanol) reagent. EVs from
P. gingivalis
,
T. forsythia
, and
S. oralis
increased osteoclast differentiation and osteoclstogenic cytokine expression in osteoclast precursors, whereas EVs from
L. reuteri
did not. EVs from
P. gingivalis
,
T. forsythia
, and
S. oralis
preferentially activated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) rather than TLR4 or TLR9, and induced osteoclastogenesis mainly through TLR2. The osteoclastogenic effects of EVs from
P. gingivalis
and
T. forsythia
were reduced by both lipoprotein lipase and polymyxin B, an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while the osteoclastogenic effects of EVs from
S. oralis
were reduced by lipoprotein lipase alone. These results demonstrate that EVs from periodontal pathogens and oral commensal have osteoclastogenic activity through TLR2 activation by lipoproteins and/or LPS. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2045-2322 2045-2322 |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-022-18412-4 |