Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated to alterations in eye movements

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 16837
• Main Authors: Casanova-Ferrer, Franc, García-Cena, Cecilia E., Gallego, Juan-Jose, Fiorillo, Alessandra, Urios, Amparo, Calvo-Córdoba, Alberto, Ballester, Maria-Pilar, Ríos, María Pilar, Durbán, Lucía, Hidalgo, Marta R., García, Francisco, Felipo, Vicente, Montoliu, Carmina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 07.10.2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/378; 631/378/2649; 692/4020/4021; Cognitive ability; Eye; Eye movements; Hepatic encephalopathy; Humanities and Social Sciences; Liver; Memory; multidisciplinary; Saccadic eye movements; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Smooth pursuit eye movements
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21230-3

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is diagnosed using PHES battery, but other tests are more sensitive, and a simple tool for early MHE detection is required. Assessment of saccadic eye movements is useful for early detection of cognitive alterations in different pathologies. We characterized the alterations in saccadic eye movements in MHE patients, its relationship with cognitive alterations and its utility for MHE diagnosis. One-hundred and eighteen cirrhotic patients (86 without and 32 with MHE) and 35 controls performed PHES and Stroop test and an eye movements test battery by OSCANN system: visual saccades, antisaccades, memory-guided saccades, fixation test and smooth pursuit. We analyzed 177 parameters of eye movements, assessed their diagnostic capacity for MHE, and correlated with cognitive alterations. MHE patients showed alterations in 56 of the 177 variables of eye movements compared to NMHE patients. MHE patients showed longer latencies and worse performance in most eye movements tests, which correlated with mental processing speed and attention impairments. The best correlations found were for antisaccades and memory-guided saccades, and some parameters in these tests could be useful for discriminating MHE and NMHE patients. Eye movements analysis could be a new, rapid, reliable, objective, and reproducible tool for early diagnose MHE.