Rocking-horse phenomenon of the glenoid component: the importance of inclination

• Published in: Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery Vol. 24; no. 7; pp. 1142 - 1148
• Main Authors: Karelse, Anne, MD, Van Tongel, Alexander, MD, PhD, Verstraeten, Tom, MD, Poncet, Didier, Ir, De Wilde, Lieven F., MD, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2015
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthroplasty, Replacement - adverse effects; Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Equipment Failure Analysis; Female; force couple; glenoid plane; Humans; inclination; Joint Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Joint Diseases - physiopathology; Joint Diseases - surgery; Male; Middle Aged; Orthopedics; Prosthesis Failure; retroversion; rocking horse; Rotator cuff; Scapula - diagnostic imaging; Scapula - surgery; Shoulder Joint - diagnostic imaging; Shoulder Joint - physiology; Shoulder Joint - physiopathology; Shoulder Joint - surgery; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult; inclination; retroversion; Computer Modeling; force couple; Basic Science; glenoid plane; rocking horse; Rotator cuff
• ISSN: 1058-2746; 1532-6500
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2014.12.017

Background Abnormal glenoid version positioning has been recognized as a cause of glenoid component failure caused by the rocking horse phenomenon. In contrast, the importance of the glenoid inclination has not been investigated. Materials and methods The computed tomography scans of 152 healthy shoulders were evaluated. A virtual glenoid component was positioned in 2 different planes: the maximum circular plane (MCP) and the inferior circle plane (ICP). The MCP was defined by the best fitting circle of the most superior point of the glenoid and 2 points at the lower glenoid rim. The ICP was defined by the best fitting circle on the rim of the inferior quadrants. The inclination of both planes was measured as the intersection with the scapular plane. We defined the force vector of the rotator force couple and calculated the magnitude of the shear force vector on a virtual glenoid component in both planes during glenohumeral abduction. Results The inclination of the component positioned in the MCP averaged 95° (range, 84°-108°) and for the ICP averaged 111° (range, 94°-126°). A significant reduction in shear forces was calculated for the glenoid component in the ICP vs the MCP: 98% reduction in 60° of abduction to 49% reduction in 90° of abduction. Conclusion Shear forces are significantly higher when the glenoid component is positioned in the MCP compared with the ICP, and this is more pronounced in early abduction. Positioning the glenoid component in the inferior circle might reduce the risk of a rocking horse phenomenon.