Foot-and-mouth disease: current world situation

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 17; no. 13; pp. 1772 - 1774
• Main Author: Kitching, R.P
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.01.1999; Elsevier
• Subjects: Africa - epidemiology; Animal viral diseases; Animals; Asia - epidemiology; Biological and medical sciences; Disease Outbreaks; Distribution; Epidemiology; Europe - epidemiology; Foot-and-mouth disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - epidemiology; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - prevention & control; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - transmission; Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Infectious diseases; Medical sciences; Microbiology; Risk; South Africa - epidemiology; Viral diseases; Virology; South Africa; Asia; Europe; Africa; Risk; Foot-and-mouth disease; Distribution; Foot and mouth disease; Prevalence; Picornaviridae; Review; Epidemiology; Infection; Virus; Aphthovirus; Viral disease; Animal; Dissemination; Risk factor; Veterinary; Geographical variation
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00442-3

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has increased in significance as a major constraint to international trade in live animals and animal products as the World Trade Organization agreements remove other obstructions. A consequence will be reluctance to immediately declare the presence of FMD if it is thought possible to quickly eliminate its presence and so avoid trade embargoes. This will predispose to spread of disease between trading partners. In addition, as countries tend to increase the requirements for testing and certification of imported animals with the objective of reducing the risk of importing disease, the increased costs and delays that this involves will encourage the illegal trade and therefore have the converse result.