Sex ratio of White Stork Ciconia ciconia in different environments of Poland

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 22; no. 17; pp. 13194 - 13203
• Main Authors: Kamiński, Piotr, Grochowska, Ewa, Mroczkowski, Sławomir, Jerzak, Leszek, Kasprzak, Mariusz, Koim-Puchowska, Beata, Woźniak, Alina, Ciebiera, Olaf, Markulak, Damian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal populations; Animals; Aquatic birds; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Birds; Birds - physiology; Breeding seasons; Cadmium; Chickens; Ciconia; Ciconia boyciana; Ciconia ciconia; Correlation analysis; DNA damage; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecosystem; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental degradation; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollution; Environmental science; Female; Gender; Lead; Male; Metals; Poland; Polymorphism; Research Article; Sex Ratio; Smelters; Studies; Suburban areas; Suburbs; Swamps; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Wildlife conservation; Poland; ANE, Baltic Sea; Sex ratio; Poland; White Stork; Pb and Cd impact; Sex determination; Environmental stress
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4250-z

The aim of this study was to analyze the variation in sex ratio of White Stork Ciconia ciconia chicks from differentiated Poland environments. We took under a consideration the impact of Cd and Pb for establish differences among sex ratio in chicks. We also study multiplex PCR employment for establish gender considerations. We collected blood samples via venipuncture of brachial vein of chicks during 2006–2008 breeding seasons at the Odra meadows (SW-Poland; control), which were compared with those from suburbs (SW-Poland), and from copper smelter (S-Poland; polluted) and from swamps near Baltic Sea. We found differences among sex ratio in White Stork chicks from types of environment. Male participation in sex structure is importantly higher in each type of environment excluded suburban areas. Differences in White Stork sex ratio according to the degree of environmental degradation expressed by Cd and Pb and sex-environment-metal interactions testify about the impact of these metals upon sex ratios in storks. Simultaneously, as a result of multiplex PCR, 18S ribosome gene, which served as internal control of PCR, was amplified in male and female storks. It means that it is possible to use primers designed for chicken in order to replicate this fragment of genome in White Stork. Moreover, the use of Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana W- chromosome specific primers makes it possible to determine the sex of C. ciconia chicks. Many factors make sex ratio of White Stork changes in subsequent breeding seasons, which depend significantly on specific environmental parameters that shape individual detailed defense mechanisms.