Novel combination of feed enzymes to improve the degradation of Chlorella vulgaris recalcitrant cell wall

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 5382 - 11
• Main Authors: Coelho, Diogo, Lopes, Paula A, Cardoso, Vânia, Ponte, Patrícia, Brás, Joana, Madeira, Marta S, Alfaia, Cristina M, Bandarra, Narcisa M, Gerken, Henri G, Fontes, Carlos M G A, Prates, José A M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 29.03.2019; Nature Publishing Group UK
• Subjects: Algae; Aquatic microorganisms; Bioavailability; Carotenoids; Cell Wall - metabolism; Cell walls; Chlorella vulgaris; Chlorella vulgaris - enzymology; Chlorella vulgaris - metabolism; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes; Enzymes - metabolism; Nutrients; Oligosaccharides; Oligosaccharides - metabolism
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41775-0

In this study, a rational combination of 200 pre-selected Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) and sulfatases were tested, individually or combined, according to their ability to degrade Chlorella vulgaris cell wall to access its valuable nutritional compounds. The disruption of microalgae cell walls by a four-enzyme mixture (Mix) in comparison with the control, enabled to release up to 1.21 g/L of reducing sugars (p < 0.001), led to an eight-fold increase in oligosaccharides release (p < 0.001), and reduced the fluorescence intensity by 47% after staining with Calcofluor White (p < 0.001). The Mix treatment was successful in releasing proteins (p < 0.001), some MUFA (p < 0.05), and the beneficial 18:3n-3 fatty acid (p < 0.05). Even if no variation was detected for chlorophylls (p > 0.05), total carotenoids were increased in the supernatant (p < 0.05) from the Mix treatment, relative to the control. Taken together, these results indicate that this four-enzyme Mix displays an effective capacity to degrade C. vulgaris cell wall. Thus, these enzymes may constitute a good approach to improve the bioavailability of C. vulgaris nutrients for monogastric diets, in particular, and to facilitate the cost-effective use of microalgae by the feed industry, in general.