Comparative Analysis of the Response Accuracies of Large Language Models in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination Across Korean and English Questions

• Published in: International journal of dental hygiene Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 267 - 276
• Main Authors: Song, Eun Sun, Lee, Seung‐Pyo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2025; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Accuracy; artificial intelligence; ChatGPT; Comparative analysis; dental hygienist; Dental Hygienists - education; Educational Measurement - methods; Gemini; Humans; Language; Large Language Models; licensing examination; Original; Republic of Korea; Variance analysis; Republic of Korea; large language models; licensing examination; ChatGPT; dental hygienist; artificial intelligence; Gemini
• ISSN: 1601-5029; 1601-5037; 1601-5037
• DOI: 10.1111/idh.12848

ABSTRACT Introduction Large language models such as Gemini, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4 have demonstrated significant potential in the medical field. Their performance in medical licensing examinations globally has highlighted their capabilities in understanding and processing specialized medical knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Gemini, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4 in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination. The accuracy of answering the examination questions in both Korean and English was assessed. Methods This study used a dataset comprising questions from the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination over 5 years (2019–2023). A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed to investigate the impacts of model type and language on the accuracy of the responses. Questions were input into each model under standardized conditions, and responses were classified as correct or incorrect based on predefined criteria. Results GPT‐4 consistently outperformed the other models, achieving the highest accuracy rates across both language versions annually. In particular, it showed superior performance in English, suggesting advancements in its training algorithms for language processing. However, all models demonstrated variable accuracies in subjects with localized characteristics, such as health and medical law. Conclusions These findings indicate that GPT‐4 holds significant promise for application in medical education and standardized testing, especially in English. However, the variability in performance across different subjects and languages underscores the need for ongoing improvements and the inclusion of more diverse and localized training datasets to enhance the models' effectiveness in multilingual and multicultural contexts.