Thermal Synthesis of Perchlorinated Oligosilanes: A Fresh Look at an Old Reaction

• Published in: Chemistry : a European journal Vol. 23; no. 50; pp. 12399 - 12405
• Main Authors: Neumeyer, Felix, Schweizer, Julia I., Meyer, Lioba, Sturm, Alexander G., Nadj, Andor, Holthausen, Max C., Auner, Norbert
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 07.09.2017
• Subjects: Aliphatic amines; Amines; Chemical synthesis; Chemistry; Chlorination; density functional calculations; Low temperature; perchlorinated oligosilanes; Quantum chemistry; reaction mechanisms; Silicon tetrachloride; silylenes; Si–Si bond cleavage; Temperature effects; reaction mechanisms; density functional calculations; Si-Si bond cleavage; silylenes; perchlorinated oligosilanes
• ISSN: 0947-6539; 1521-3765
• DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702224

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the high‐temperature reaction of SiCl4 and elemental silicon is presented. The nature and reactivity of the product formed upon rapid cooling of the gaseous reaction mixture is investigated by comparison with the defined model compounds cyclo‐Si5Cl10, n‐Si5Cl12 and n‐Si4Cl10. A DFT assessment provides mechanistic insight into the oligosilane formation. Experimental 29Si NMR investigations, supported by quantum‐chemical 29Si NMR calculations, consistently show that the reaction product is composed of discrete molecular perchlorinated oligosilanes. Low‐temperature chlorination is an unexpectedly selective means for the transformation of cyclosilanes to acyclic species by endocyclic Si−Si bond cleavage, and we provide a mechanistic rationalization for this observation. In contrast to the raw material, the product obtained after low‐temperature chlorination represents an efficient source of neo‐Si5Cl12 or the amine‐stabilized disilene EtMe2N⋅SiCl2Si(SiCl3)2 through reaction with aliphatic amines. Old reaction, new tricks: A complex mixture of small oligosilanes is produced by quenching the thermal reaction of SiCl4 and elemental silicon. A combined theoretical and experimental reinvestigation of the long‐known (SiCl2)x synthesis sheds new light on the reaction product and its reactivity (see figure).