Disentangling gene-environment correlations and interactions on adolescent depressive symptoms
Background: Genetic risks for depression may be expressed through greater exposure towards environmental stressors (gene–environment correlation, rGE) and increased susceptibility to these stressors (gene–environment interaction, G × E). While these effects are often studied independently, evidence...
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Published in | Journal of child psychology and psychiatry Vol. 49; no. 2; pp. 142 - 150 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.02.2008
Blackwell Publishing Blackwell |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Background: Genetic risks for depression may be expressed through greater exposure towards environmental stressors (gene–environment correlation, rGE) and increased susceptibility to these stressors (gene–environment interaction, G × E). While these effects are often studied independently, evidence supports their co‐occurrence on depression.
Methods: Adolescent twin and sibling data was used to assess correlations and interactions between genetic risks for depressive symptoms and two putative environmental stressors: dependent negative life events and maternal punitive discipline.
Results: Moderate genetic effects influenced each environmental risk factor, consistent with rGE. Genetic effects on environmental risks also contributed to depressive outcomes, implying genetic correlations between measures. Genetic effects on depressive symptoms changed across levels of negative life events and maternal punitive discipline, consistent with G × E. Finally, G × E co‐occurred with rGE on depressive outcomes.
Conclusions: Adolescents at genetic risk for depressive phenotypes may be exposed to increased social adversity (rGE) and more susceptible to developing symptoms in response to these risks (G × E). |
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Bibliography: | ArticleID:JCPP1803 istex:2453EB50320CA53398A447657ABB56A3AA62A06F ark:/67375/WNG-9H8X8J1H-S Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0021-9630 1469-7610 |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01803.x |