Production, characterisation, and cytocompatibility of porous titanium-based particulate scaffolds

• Published in: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine Vol. 24; no. 10; pp. 2337 - 2358
• Main Authors: Luthringer, B. J. C., Ali, F., Akaichi, H., Feyerabend, F., Ebel, T., Willumeit, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 01.10.2013; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alloys - chemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Biomaterials; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedical materials; Bone and Bones - cytology; Carbon - chemistry; Cell Adhesion - drug effects; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Ceramics; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composites; DNA Primers - genetics; Glass; Humans; Materials Science; Materials Testing; Mechanical properties; Medical sciences; Mesoderm - cytology; Natural Materials; Nitrogen - chemistry; Orthopedics; Oxygen - chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Porosity; Porous materials; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Design; Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering; Stress, Mechanical; Surfaces and Interfaces; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments; Thin Films; Tissue Scaffolds; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium alloys; Umbilical Cord - cytology; Solidification Shrinkage; Tecan Sunrise; Cell Culture Supernatant; Initial Adhesion; Ultimate Tensile Strength; Biological properties; Titanium; Biocompatibility; Porous material; Production; Biomedical engineering
• ISSN: 0957-4530; 1573-4838
• DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4989-z

Despite its non-matching mechanical properties titanium remains the preferred metal implant material in orthopaedics. As a consequence in some cases stress shielding effect occurs, leading to implant loosening, osteopenia, and finally revision surgery. Porous metal scaffolds to allow easier specialised cells ingrowth with mechanical properties closer to the ones of bone can overcome this problem. This should improve healing processes, implant integration, and dynamic strength of implants retaining. Three Ti–6Al–4V materials were metal injection moulded and tailored porosities were effectively achieved. After microstructural and mechanical characterisation, two different primary cells of mesenchymal origin (human umbilical cord perivascular cells and human bone derived cells which revealed to be two pertinent models) as well as one cell line originated from primary osteogenic sarcoma, Saos-2, were bestowed to investigate cell-material interaction on genomic and proteome levels. Biological examinations disclosed that no material has negative impact on early adhesion, proliferation or cell viability. An efficient cell ingrowth into material with an average porosity of 25–50 μm was proved.