Macronutrients quality indices and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults

• Published in: BMC cardiovascular disorders Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 126 - 12
• Main Authors: Farhadnejad, Hossein, Mokhtari, Ebrahim, Teymoori, Farshad, Jahromi, Mitra Kazemi, Saber, Niloufar, Ahmadirad, Hamid, Norouzzadeh, Mostafa, Mirmiran, Parvin, Azizi, Fereidoun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 26.02.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Aged; Analysis; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Carbohydrate quality; Cardiovascular risk factors; Chronic illnesses; Development and progression; Diet; Diet therapy; Dietary fiber; Energy Intake; Exercise; Female; Food; Food habits; GDP; Glucose; Glycemic index; Grain; Gross Domestic Product; Health aspects; Humans; Iran - epidemiology; Macronutrients; Male; Medical care, Cost of; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic syndrome X; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Population; Population studies; Prospective Studies; Protein score; Proteins; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Iran; Protein score; Macronutrients; Adults; Carbohydrate quality; Metabolic syndrome; Cardiovascular risk factors
• ISSN: 1471-2261; 1471-2261
• DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03779-1

Evidence from recent studies suggested that the quality of dietary macronutrients can play a possible role in predicting the risk of metabolic disorders. In the current study, we aimed to assess the association of carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and protein score with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. This prospective study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study on 1738 individuals aged between 40 and 70 years old, who were followed up for a mean of 6.1 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to determine CQI and protein scores. The multivariable adjusted Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of MetS across quartiles of protein score and CQI, and its components. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and body mass index of the study population (42.5% men) were 49.3 ± 7.5 years and 27.0 ± 4.0 kg/m , respectively. Mean ± SD scores of CQI and protein for all participants were 12.6 ± 2.4 and 10.3 ± 3.5, respectively. During the study follow-up, 834(48.0%) new cases of MetS were ascertained. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the risk of MetS was decreased across quartiles of CQI (HR = 0.83;95%CI:0.69-1.00, P =0.025) and protein score (HR = 0.75; 95% CI:0.60-0.94, P =0.041). Also, Of CQI components, the whole grain/total grains ratio showed a significant inverse association with the risk of MetS (HR = 0.75;95%CI:0.60-0.94, P =0.012). Our findings revealed that a dietary pattern with higher CQI and protein score may be related to a reduced risk of MetS in adults.