Diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors among HIV infected patients on HAART

• Published in: BMC public health Vol. 24; no. 1; p. 846
• Main Authors: Kanyara, Lucy, Lel, Rency, Kageha, Sheila, Kinyua, Joyceline, Matu, Sophie, Ongaya, Asiko, Matilu, Mary, Mwangi, Paul, Okoth, Vincent, Mwangi, Joseph, Olungae, Dama
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 19.03.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiretroviral therapy; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Body mass index; Care and treatment; Complications and side effects; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Drug therapy; Endemism; Epidemiology; Ethics; Females; Genetics; Glucose; Glucose - therapeutic use; Haemoglobin; Hemoglobin; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV patients; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Hypoglycemia; Infectious diseases; Kenya - epidemiology; Males; Medical personnel; Metabolic syndrome; Patient outcomes; Prevalence; Public health; Risk Factors; Kenya; HIV; Diabetes mellitus; Antiretroviral therapy
• ISSN: 1471-2458; 1471-2458
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18265-8

Understanding the impact of disease associations is becoming a priority in Kenya and other countries bearing the load of infectious diseases. With the increased incidences of non-communicable diseases and the endemicity of infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa, their co-existence poses significant challenges to patients, health workers and an overwhelmed health sector. Classical risk factors for diabetes such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diet may not solely explain the current trends, suggesting the role of novel risk factors including infections/inflammation. HIV and its treatment have been identified as potential contributors especially to patients with family history of confirmed diabetes cases. Co-infections frequently observed during HIV infection also significantly influence both the epidemiological and pathophysiological of the link between HIV and diabetes. Understanding the correlates of HIV and diabetes is crucial to inform management and prevention strategies of the twin infections. We therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and risk factors in a population of HIV infected patients on HAART. This study determined the association of diabetes/impaired glucose regulation in the context of HIV-1. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a comprehensive care clinic in Nairobi (Kenya). Participants were screened for diabetes and impaired glucose regulation using random blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) This paper describes the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive individuals and the associated risk factors. We have demonstrated that family history is a risk factor for diabetes. While age and BMI are known risk factors, they were not associated with diabetes in this study.