Osteomyelitis by Microsporum canis and Staphylococcus spp. in cat (Felis catus) - case report

• Published in: BMC veterinary research Vol. 20; no. 1; p. 58
• Main Authors: Soares, Fernanda O, Rosado, Isabel R, Sousa, Marcus V C, Dumont, Carolyne F, Bittar, Joely F F, Martin, Ian, Beletti, Marcelo E, Melo, Roberta T, Alves, Endrigo G L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 19.02.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Animals; Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use; Bacterial infections; Biopsy; Blood tests; Bone lesions; Care and treatment; Case Report; Case reports; Cat Diseases - drug therapy; Cats; Complications and side effects; Dermatitis; Dermatomycoses - veterinary; Diagnosis; Diseases; Domestic cat; Female; Foreign bodies; Infections; Inflammation; Mandible; Microbial sensitivity test; Microorganisms; Microsporum; Microsporum canis; Neutrophils; Osteolysis; Osteomyelitis; Osteomyelitis - drug therapy; Osteomyelitis - veterinary; Pathogens; Patients; Quality of Life; Risk factors; Sensitivity analysis; Staphylococcal infections; Staphylococcus; Veterinary medicine; Zoonoses; Brazil; Osteomyelitis; Mandible; Microbial sensitivity test; Domestic cat
• ISSN: 1746-6148; 1746-6148
• DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03904-4

Staphylococcus spp and Microsporum canis are zoonotic microorganisms which can cause infections and systemic diseases. The bone infection is usually caused by invasion of pathogen through the hematologic route. Mixed osteomyelitis caused by bacteria and fungi is rare, and to date, there have been no reports of mixed osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis. This essay reports an atypical presentation of mixed osteomyelitis (Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis) in a domestic cat. A 15-month-old female Persian cat was presented to a veterinary service; the main complaint was the appearance of a nodule in the mandibular ventral rostral region. A radiographic exam performed on the animal showed proliferative and osteolytic bone lesions. The patient was submitted to a biopsy for histopathological evaluation, along with bacterial and fungal cultures. Results showed mixed osteomyelitis by Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis. Microbial Sensitivity Test was performed to choose a more suitable treatment. Two surgical procedures were executed to resect and curette the lesion, and treatments with anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antifungal drugs were established, showing a positive clinical evolution. After 8 months of treatment, the patient's owner moved to a different city, and the animal was seen by other veterinarians, who followed along with the same treatment. However, due to complications and a diminishing quality of life over 4 years of diagnosis, the patient was euthanized. Given the above, mixed osteomyelitis is difficult to treat and can cause losses of life quality resulting death, especially in infections where M. canis is the agent causing the disease. Bacterial osteomyelitis is more frequently reported. But the lack of investigation of microorganisms other than bacteria, such as fungal cases, may imply in underdiagnosed cases. Treatment of osteomyelitis can be difficult considering the difficulties in isolating the pathological agent, resistance to the drug used, prolonged treatment time, and cost.