Relationship of Various Open Quotients With Acoustic Property, Phonation Types, Fundamental Frequency, and Intensity

• Published in: Journal of voice Vol. 30; no. 2; pp. 145 - 157
• Main Authors: Yokonishi, Hisayuki, Imagawa, Hiroshi, Sakakibara, Ken-Ichi, Yamauchi, Akihito, Nito, Takaharu, Yamasoba, Tatsuya, Tayama, Niro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2016; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Acoustics; Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Breathy; Electrodiagnosis; Electroglottgraphy; Electroglottography; Falsetto; Fundamental frequency; High-speed digital imaging; Humans; Kymogram; Kymography; Linear Models; Male; Modal; Multivariate Analysis; Multivariate linear regression analysis; Normal; Open quotient; Otolaryngology; Phonation; Predictive Value of Tests; Pressed; Sound intensity; Sound Spectrography; Speech Acoustics; Speech Production Measurement; Vibration; Vocal Cords - anatomy & histology; Vocal Cords - physiology; Vocal folds; Voice; Voice Quality; Young Adult; Kymogram; Pressed; Falsetto; High-speed digital imaging; Electroglottgraphy; Breathy; Open quotient; Normal; Kymography; Modal; Voice; Multivariate linear regression analysis
• ISSN: 0892-1997; 1873-4588
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.01.009

Summary Introduction In the present study, we examined the relationship between various open quotients ( O q s) and phonation types, fundamental frequency ( F0 ), and intensity by multivariate linear regression analysis (MVA) to determine which O q best reflects vocal fold vibratory characteristics. Methods Using high-speed digital imaging (HSDI), a sustained vowel /e/ at different phonation types, F0 s, and intensities was recorded from six vocally healthy male volunteers: the types of phonation included modal, falsetto, modal breathy, and modal pressed phonations; and each phonation was performed at different F0 s and intensities. Electroglottography (EGG) and sound signals were simultaneously recorded with HSDI. From the obtained data, 10 conventional O q s (four O q s from the glottal area function, four kymographic O q s, and two EGG-derived O q s) and two newly introduced O q s ( O q edge ¯ + and O q edge ¯ ) were evaluated. And, relationships between various O q s and phonation types, F0 , and intensity were evaluated by MVA. Results Among the various O q s, O q edge ¯ + and O q edge ¯ revealed the strongest correlations with an acoustic property and could best describe changes in phonation types: O q edge ¯ + was found to be better than O q edge ¯. O q MLK , the average of five O q s from five-line multiline kymography was a very good alternative to O q edge ¯ . EGG-derived O q s were able to differentiate between modal phonation and falsetto phonation, but it was necessary to consider the change of F0 simultaneously. MVA showed the changes in O q values between modal and other phonation types, the degree of involvement of intensity, and no relationship between F0 and O q s. Conclusions Among O q s evaluated in this study, O q edge ¯ + and O q edge ¯ were considered to best reflect the vocal fold vibratory characteristics.