Loss of centrioles causes chromosomal instability in vertebrate somatic cells

Most animal cells contain a centrosome, which comprises a pair of centrioles surrounded by an ordered pericentriolar matrix (PCM). Although the role of this organelle in organizing the mitotic spindle poles is well established, its precise contribution to cell division and cell survival remains a su...

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Published inThe Journal of cell biology Vol. 203; no. 5; pp. 747 - 756
Main Authors Sir, Joo-Hee, Pütz, Monika, Daly, Owen, Morrison, Ciaran G., Dunning, Mark, Kilmartin, John V., Gergely, Fanni
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Rockefeller University Press 09.12.2013
The Rockefeller University Press
Subjects
Aneuploidy
Animals
Biosynthesis
Cell division
Cell Line
Centrioles - physiology
Centrioles - ultrastructure
Chickens - genetics
Chromosomal Instability
Chromosome Segregation - physiology
Chromosomes
DNA Repair
Gene Knockout Techniques
Genetics
Kinetochores - metabolism
Kinetochores - ultrastructure
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Microtubules - metabolism
Microtubules - ultrastructure
Spindle Apparatus - metabolism
Spindle Apparatus - ultrastructure
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Summary:Most animal cells contain a centrosome, which comprises a pair of centrioles surrounded by an ordered pericentriolar matrix (PCM). Although the role of this organelle in organizing the mitotic spindle poles is well established, its precise contribution to cell division and cell survival remains a subject of debate. By genetically ablating key components of centriole biogenesis in chicken DT40 B cells, we generated multiple cell lines that lack centrioles. PCM components accumulated in acentriolar microtubule (MT)-organizing centers but failed to adopt a higher-order structure, as shown by three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy. Cells without centrioles exhibited both a delay in bipolar spindle assembly and a high rate of chromosomal instability. Collectively, our results expose a vital role for centrosomes in establishing a mitotic spindle geometry that facilitates correct kinetochore–MT attachments. We propose that centrosomes are essential in organisms in which rapid segregation of a large number of chromosomes needs to be attained with fidelity.
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ISSN:0021-9525
1540-8140
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.201309038