Release characteristics of selected carbon nanotube polymer composites

• Published in: Carbon (New York) Vol. 68; pp. 33 - 57
• Main Authors: Kingston, Christopher, Zepp, Richard, Andrady, Anthony, Boverhof, Darrell, Fehir, Richard, Hawkins, Douglas, Roberts, Justin, Sayre, Philip, Shelton, Betsy, Sultan, Yasir, Vejins, Viktor, Wohlleben, Wendel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Carbon; Carbon nanotubes; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Degradation; Exact sciences and technology; Materials science; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization; Nanostructure; Nanotubes; Physics; Plasticizers; Polyamide resins; Polymer matrix composites; Stresses; Carbon nanotubes; Composite materials; Polymers; Release
• ISSN: 0008-6223; 1873-3891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.042

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are commonly used in polymer formulations to improve strength, conductivity, and other attributes. A developing concern is the potential for carbon nanotube polymer nanocomposites to release nanoparticles into the environment as the polymer matrix degrades or is mechanically stressed. Here, we review characteristics related to release potential of five sets of polymer systems: epoxy, polyamide, polyurethane, polyethylene, and polycarbonate. Our review includes consideration of general characteristics and use of the polymer (as related to potential MWCNT release) and its MWCNT composites; general potential for nanomaterial release (particularly MWCNTs) due to degradation and mechanical stresses during use; and potential effects of stabilizers and plasticizers on polymer degradation. We examine UV degradation, temperature extremes, acid–base catalysis, and stresses such as sanding. Based on a high-level summary of the characteristics considered, the potential for release of MWCNT with typical, intended consumer use is expected to be low.