Bile duct obstruction associated with pancreatitis in 46 dogs

• Published in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine Vol. 34; no. 5; pp. 1794 - 1800
• Main Authors: Wilkinson, Ashley R., DeMonaco, Stefanie M., Panciera, David L., Otoni, Cristiane C., Leib, Michael S., Larson, Martha M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2020; Wiley
• Subjects: Abdomen; Animal euthanasia; Anorexia; Bile; bile duct obstruction/rupture; Blood; Creatinine; Dogs; Fatalities; Fever; Gallbladder; hepatology; hyperbilirubinemia; Medical records; Neutrophils; Pain; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Peritonitis; Phosphatase; SMALL ANIMAL; Survival analysis; Teaching hospitals; Ultrasonic imaging; Veterinary medicine; Vomiting; hepatology; pancreas; bile duct obstruction/rupture; hyperbilirubinemia
• ISSN: 0891-6640; 1939-1676
• DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15879

Background Pancreatitis is a common cause of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (EHBDO) in dogs. Information describing the clinical course of dogs with pancreatitis associated bile duct obstruction (PABDO) is limited. Objectives To describe the clinical course of PABDO in dogs and determine if presumed markers of disease severity are predictors of survival. Animals Forty‐six client‐owned dogs with PABDO. Methods A retrospective review of medical records from dogs diagnosed with PABDO was performed. Data, including clinical signs and biochemical changes, were collected 6 times throughout the course of disease. Outcome was defined as either survival (discharge from the hospital) or death. Results Thirty‐three (79%) out of 42 dogs with PABDO survived. Thirty‐one (94%) of the 33 dogs that survived received medical management alone. Time from onset of clinical signs to initial documented increase in serum bilirubin concentration, peak bilirubin elevation, and initial decline in serum bilirubin concentration were 7 (median), 8, and 15 days, respectively. The median number of days from onset of clinical signs to outcome date was 13. Clinical signs of fever, vomiting, and anorexia were decreased in frequency from the onset of clinical signs to the time of peak bilirubin. Median bile duct dilatation at the time of ultrasonographic diagnosis of PABDO and peak bilirubin were not different between survivors (7.6 mm, 11.7 mg/dL) and nonsurvivors (6 mm, 10.6 mg/dL, P = .12, P = .8). Conclusions Dogs with PABDO often have a prolonged course of illness and improve clinically despite biochemical evidence of progression of EHBDO.