Mosquitoes host communities of bacteria that are essential for development but vary greatly between local habitats
Mosquitoes are insects of interest because several species vector disease‐causing pathogens to humans and other vertebrates. We previously reported that mosquitoes from long‐term laboratory cultures require living bacteria in their gut to develop, but development does not depend on particular specie...
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Published in | Molecular ecology Vol. 25; no. 22; pp. 5806 - 5826 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2016
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Mosquitoes are insects of interest because several species vector disease‐causing pathogens to humans and other vertebrates. We previously reported that mosquitoes from long‐term laboratory cultures require living bacteria in their gut to develop, but development does not depend on particular species of bacteria. Here, we focused on three distinct but interrelated areas of study to better understand the role of bacteria in mosquito development by studying field and laboratory populations of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from the southeastern United States. Sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed that bacterial community composition differed substantially in larvae from different collection sites, whereas larvae from the same site shared similarities. Although previously unknown to be infected by Wolbachia, results also indicated that Ae. aegypti from one field site hosted a dual infection. Regardless of collection site or factors like Wolbachia infection, however, each mosquito species required living bacteria in their digestive tract to develop. Results also identified several concerns in using antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial community in larvae in order to study its developmental consequences. Altogether, our results indicate that several mosquito species require living bacteria for development. We also hypothesize these species do not rely on particular bacteria because larvae do not reliably encounter the same bacteria in the aquatic habitats they develop in. |
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Bibliography: | Fig. S1 Rarefaction data from Illumina sequencing experiments.Fig. S2 Sequence data for the 16S rRNA libraries from three adult Aedes aegypti that emerged from site 1 in Jacksonville, FL.Fig. S3 Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree for concatenated MLST genes of Wolbachia isolates.Table S1 Barcode sequences for water and mosquito libraries.Table S2 One-way anova to compare alpha and beta diversity between technical replicates.Table S3 Bacterial isolates used in this study.Table S4 Prevalence of each OTU (97% sequence identity) in each sample, along with a representative sequence and the taxonomic assignment for each OTU.?Table S5 Prevalence of each oligotype in each sample, along with a representative sequence and the taxonomic assignment for each oligotype.Table S6 The dominant OTU for a given phylum (or class) identified from Aedes aegypti larvae collected from Site 1 in Jacksonville, FL on 7/21/2014 or the Ae. aegypti UGAL laboratory culture.Table S7 Minimal inhibitory concentrations for select antibiotics against individual members of the gut microbiota isolated from UGAL Aedes aegypti or field-collected Ae. albopictus larvae.Appendix S1 Supplementary Methods. University of Georgia Graduate School (KLC) ark:/67375/WNG-M8RKFNMW-0 National Science Foundation - No. 038550-04 National Institutes of Health - No. R01AI106892; No. T32GM007103 ArticleID:MEC13877 istex:5F57B56607F8489DC3AF86ED15E1C76249FE59E7 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0962-1083 1365-294X |
DOI: | 10.1111/mec.13877 |