Toward a consistent reanalysis of the upper stratosphere based on radiance measurements from SSU and AMSU‐A

• Published in: Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 135; no. 645; pp. 2086 - 2099
• Main Authors: Kobayashi, Shinya, Matricardi, Marco, Dee, Dick, Uppala, Sakari
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.10.2009; Wiley
• Subjects: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit; Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU); Assimilation; bias correction; Consistency; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; intersatellite bias; Meteorology; Physics of the high neutral atmosphere; Radiance; Radiative transfer; satellite data assimilation; Splitting; TIROS operational vertical sounder; Zeeman effect; Var France; France; Europe; Western Europe; Spectral function; bias correction; TIROS operational vertical sounder; intersatellite bias; Bias; radiative transfer; satellite data assimilation; Forecast model; Advanced microwave sounding unit; Four dimensional models; Response function; Absorption line; Zeeman effect; corrections; Reanalysis; stratosphere; Data assimilation; radiance
• ISSN: 0035-9009; 1477-870X; 1477-870X
• DOI: 10.1002/qj.514

Radiance measurements from the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU‐A) are the primary source of information for stratospheric temperature in reanalyses of the satellite era. To improve the time consistency of the reanalyses, radiance biases need to be properly understood and accounted for in the assimilation system. The investigation of intersatellite differences between SSU and AMSU‐A radiance observations shows that these differences are not accurately reproduced by the operational version of the radiative transfer model for the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV‐8). We found that this deficiency in RTTOV was mainly due to the treatment of the Zeeman effect (splitting of the oxygen absorption lines at 60 GHz) and to changes in the spectral response function of the SSU instrument that are not represented in RTTOV. On this basis we present a revised version of RTTOV that can reproduce SSU and AMSU‐A intersatellite radiance differences more accurately. Assimilation experiments performed with the revised version of RTTOV in a four‐dimensional variational analysis system (4D‐Var) show some improvements in the stratospheric temperature analysis. However, significant jumps in the stratospheric temperature analysis still occur when switching satellites, which is due to the fact that systematic errors in the forecast model are only partially constrained by observations. Using a one‐dimensional retrieval equation, we show that both the extent and vertical structure of the partial bias corrections must inevitably change when the nature of the radiance measurement changes with the transition from SSU to AMSU‐A. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society