Enhancing Hand Sensorimotor Function in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Novel Tactile Discrimination Feedback Approach Using a Multiple-Baseline Design

• Published in: Brain sciences Vol. 15; no. 4; p. 352
• Main Authors: Kitai, Ken, Nishigaya, Kaichi, Mizomoto, Yasuhisa, Ito, Hiroki, Yamauchi, Ryosuke, Katayama, Osamu, Morita, Kiichiro, Murata, Shin, Kodama, Takayuki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.03.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Care and treatment; Central nervous system; cervical spinal cord injury; EEG; Electroencephalography; Feedback; Friction; Hand; hand sensorimotor dysfunction; Intervention; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Motor skill; multiple-baseline design; Muscle function; Neurophysiology; Ocean energy resources; Patients; Recovery of function; Rehabilitation; Sensorimotor system; Sensory neurons; Spinal cord injuries; Tactile discrimination; tactile discrimination compensatory real-time feedback device; Water-power; Japan; tactile discrimination compensatory real-time feedback device; hand sensorimotor dysfunction; cervical spinal cord injury; multiple-baseline design
• ISSN: 2076-3425; 2076-3425
• DOI: 10.3390/brainsci15040352

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of a tactile-discrimination compensatory real-time feedback device on hand sensorimotor function in cervical spinal cord injury patients. The study assessed changes in hand numbness, dexterity, and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, particularly γ-wave power in the sensorimotor area during skilled finger movements. Methods: Three patients with cervical spinal cord injury who presented with hand sensorimotor dysfunction underwent treatment with this device. All cases underwent the intervention using an AB design; A is the exercise task without the system device, and B is the exercise task under the system device. To confirm the reproducibility and minimize the influence of confounding factors, a multiple-baseline design, in which the intervention period was staggered for each subject, was applied. To determine efficacy, the hand numbness numerical rating scale, peg test, and EEG were measured daily, and Tau-U calculations were performed. Results: In two of three cases, moderate or very large changes were observed in numbness in B. In all cases, there was a large or very large change in the peg test results in the B. Regarding EEG activity, the non-skilled participants showed amplification of γ-wave power in the sensorimotor area during the B. Conversely, in the skilled participants, the γ-wave power of the sensorimotor area was attenuated during skillful movements. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the ability of the brain to compare and align predictive control with sensory feedback might be compromised in patients with damage to the afferent pathways of the central nervous system. Moreover, the use of this device appears to have played a role in supporting functional recovery.