Increased effects of internal alpha irradiation in Daphnia magna after chronic exposure over three successive generations

• Published in: Aquatic toxicology Vol. 87; no. 3; pp. 146 - 156
• Main Authors: Alonzo, F., Gilbin, R., Zeman, F.A., Garnier-Laplace, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.05.2008; Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Science; Elsevier Science; Elsevier
• Subjects: 241Am; Alpha Particles; americium; Americium - pharmacokinetics; Americium - toxicity; animal growth; animal reproduction; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; bioaccumulation; Biological and medical sciences; Body Weight - radiation effects; Cell Respiration - radiation effects; Daphnia; Daphnia - growth & development; Daphnia - metabolism; Daphnia - physiology; Daphnia - radiation effects; Daphnia magna; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Sciences; Female; Freshwater; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Growth; Internal alpha irradiation; irradiation; Male; mortality; Multi-generation; Ovum - radiation effects; oxygen consumption; Oxygen Consumption - radiation effects; physiological response; radionuclides; Reproduction; Reproduction - radiation effects; Respiration; Survival; Survival Analysis; toxicity; Water Pollutants, Radioactive - pharmacokinetics; Water Pollutants, Radioactive - toxicity; water pollution; Whole-Body Irradiation; Reproduction; 241Am; Growth; Internal alpha irradiation; Daphnia; Multi-generation; Respiration; Survival; Ecotoxicology; Cladocera; Crustacea; Aquatic environment; Chronic; Arthropoda; Irradiation; 241 Am; Invertebrata; Branchiopoda; Daphnia magna
• ISSN: 0166-445X; 1879-1514
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.01.015

A 70-day experiment was performed with Daphnia magna exposed to waterborne Am-241 on a range of concentrations (from 0.4 to 40 Bq ml −1) in order to test chronic effects of internal alpha irradiation on respiration, somatic growth and reproduction over three successive generations. Changes in Am-241 concentrations were followed in the water and in daphnid tissues, eggs and cuticles. Corresponding average dose rates of 0.3, 1.5 and 15 mGy h −1 were estimated. This study confirmed that oxygen consumption increased significantly in the first generation (F0) after 6 days of exposure to a dose rate ≥1.5 mGy h −1. Consequences were limited to a reduction in body length (5%) and dry mass of females (16%) and eggs (8%) after 23 days of exposure, while mortality and fecundity remained unaffected. New cohorts were started with neonates of broods 1 and 5, to examine potential consequences of the reduced mass of offspring for subsequent exposed generations. Results strongly contrasted with those observed in F0. At the highest dose rate, an early mortality of 38–90% affected juveniles while survivors showed delayed reproduction and reduced fecundity in F1 and F2. At 0.3 and 1.5 mGy h −1, mortality ranged from 31 to 38% of daphnids depending on dose rate, but was observed only in generation F1 started with neonates of the brood 1. Reproduction was affected through a reduction in the proportion of breeding females, occurring in the first offspring generation at 1.5 mGy h −1 (to 62% of total daphnids) and in the second generation at 0.3 mGy h −1 (to 69% of total daphnids). Oxygen consumption remained significantly higher at dose rates ≥0.3 mGy h −1 than in the control in almost every generation. Body size and mass continued decreasing in relation to dose rate, with a significant reduction in mass ranging from 15% at 0.3 mGy h −1 to 27% at 15 mGy h −1 in the second offspring generation.