Validation of a Liquid-Liquid Extraction Method to Study the Temporal Production of D-Series Resolvins by Head Kidney Cells from Atlantic Salmon ( Salmon salar ) Exposed to Docosahexaenoic Acid

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 28; no. 12; p. 4728
• Main Authors: Araujo, Pedro, Iqbal, Sarah, Arnø, Aleksander, Espe, Marit, Holen, Elisabeth
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.06.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Atlantic salmon; Cell culture; Chromatography; Chromatography, Liquid - methods; Circadian rhythms; Docosahexaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Factorial design; Fishes; Head Kidney; head kidney cells; Kidneys; Liquid chromatography; liquid chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Methods; Neutrophils; Omega-3 fatty acids; Production processes; Quadrupoles; resolvins; Salmo salar; Salmon; Scientific imaging; Solvents; Unsaturated fatty acids; Norway; Germany; liquid chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry; Atlantic salmon; resolvins; liquid–liquid extraction; head kidney cells
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124728

A simple and rapid method for the extraction of D-series resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, RvD4, RvD5) released into Leibovitz's L-15 complete medium by head kidney cells from Atlantic salmon and the further determination of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry is proposed. A three-level factorial design was proposed to select the optimal concentrations of internal standards that were used in the evaluation of the performance parameters, such as linear range (0.1-50 ng mL ), limits of detection and quantification (0.05 and 0.1 ng mL , respectively), and recovery values ranging from 96.9 to 99.8%. The optimized method was used to determine the stimulated production of resolvins by head kidney cells exposed to docosahexaenoic acid, and the results indicated that it is possible that the production was controlled by circadian responses.