Dysfunctions in brain networks supporting empathy: An fMRI study in adults with autism spectrum disorders

• Published in: Social neuroscience Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 1 - 21
• Main Authors: Schulte-Rüther, Martin, Greimel, Ellen, Markowitsch, Hans J., Kamp-Becker, Inge, Remschmidt, Helmut, Fink, Gereon R., Piefke, Martina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Colchester Taylor & Francis 01.01.2011; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Adults; Autism; Biological and medical sciences; Brain; Brain - physiopathology; Child; Child clinical studies; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - physiopathology; Developmental disorders; Emotion; Empathy; Empathy - physiology; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Infantile autism; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medial prefrontal cortex; Medical sciences; Miscellaneous; Neural Pathways - physiopathology; Neuroimaging; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Self; Studies; Theory of Mind; Human; Neuroimaging; Affect affectivity; Central nervous system; Developmental disorder; Emotion emotionality; Empathy; Prefrontal cortex; Self; Theory of mind; Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Social cognition; Encephalon; Autism; Medial prefrontal cortex; Pervasive developmental disorder; Dysfunction; Adult; Emotion; Functional imaging
• ISSN: 1747-0919; 1747-0927; 1747-0927
• DOI: 10.1080/17470911003708032

The present study aimed at identifying dysfunctions in brain networks that may underlie disturbed empathic behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). During functional magnetic resonance imaging, subjects were asked to identify the emotional state observed in a facial stimulus (other-task) or to evaluate their own emotional response (self-task). Behaviorally, ASD subjects performed equally to the control group during the other-task, but showed less emotionally congruent responses in the self-task. Activations in brain regions related to theory of mind were observed in both groups. Activations of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) were located in dorsal subregions in ASD subjects and in ventral areas in control subjects. During the self-task, ASD subjects activated an additional network of frontal and inferior temporal areas. Frontal areas previously associated with the human mirror system were activated in both tasks in control subjects, while ASD subjects recruited these areas during the self-task only. Activations in the ventral MPFC may provide the basis for one's "emotional bond" with other persons' emotions. Such atypical patterns of activation may underlie disturbed empathy in individuals with ASD. Subjects with ASD may use an atypical cognitive strategy to gain access to their own emotional state in response to other people's emotions.