Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be induced by hormones and growth factors acting directly as positive regulators of muscle growth or indirectly by neutralizing negative regulators, and by mechanical signals mediating the effect of resistance exercise. Muscle growth during hypertrophy is controlled a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of neuromuscular diseases Vol. 8; no. 2; p. 169
Main Authors Schiaffino, Stefano, Reggiani, Carlo, Akimoto, Takayuki, Blaauw, Bert
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands 01.01.2021
Subjects
MEF2
transcriptional control
SRF
mTOR
ribosomal biogenesis
translational control
muscle hypertrophy
Skeletal muscle
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Summary:Skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be induced by hormones and growth factors acting directly as positive regulators of muscle growth or indirectly by neutralizing negative regulators, and by mechanical signals mediating the effect of resistance exercise. Muscle growth during hypertrophy is controlled at the translational level, through the stimulation of protein synthesis, and at the transcriptional level, through the activation of ribosomal RNAs and muscle-specific genes. mTORC1 has a central role in the regulation of both protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis. Several transcription factors and co-activators, including MEF2, SRF, PGC-1α4, and YAP promote the growth of the myofibers. Satellite cell proliferation and fusion is involved in some but not all muscle hypertrophy models.
ISSN:2214-3602
DOI:10.3233/jnd-200568