Interspecies Recombination-Led Speciation of a Novel Geminivirus in Pakistan

Recombination between isolates of different virus species has been known to be one of the sources of speciation. Weeds serve as mixing vessels for begomoviruses, infecting a wide range of economically important plants, thereby facilitating recombination. Chenopodium album is an economically importan...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inViruses Vol. 14; no. 10; p. 2166
Main Authors Lal, Aamir, Kil, Eui-Joon, Vo, Thuy T. B, Wira Sanjaya, I Gusti Ngurah Prabu, Qureshi, Muhammad Amir, Nattanong, Bupi, Ali, Muhammad, Shuja, Malik Nawaz, Lee, Sukchan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 30.09.2022
MDPI
Subjects
begomovirus
Chenopodium album
Chenopodium leaf distortion virus
Cloning
Discovery and exploration
Enzymes
Flowers & plants
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Identification and classification
Infections
Leaf-curl
Nucleotide sequence
Open reading frames
Origin of species
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant viruses
Proteins
Recombination
Sequence analysis
Speciation
Virus diseases of plants
Virus research
Viruses
Pakistan
United States > US
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Recombination between isolates of different virus species has been known to be one of the sources of speciation. Weeds serve as mixing vessels for begomoviruses, infecting a wide range of economically important plants, thereby facilitating recombination. Chenopodium album is an economically important weed spread worldwide. Here, we present the molecular characterization of a novel recombinant begomovirus identified from C. album in Lahore, Pakistan. The complete DNA- A genome of the virus associated with the leaf distortion occurred in the infected C. album plants was cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of the virus shared 93% identity with those of the rose leaf curl virus and the duranta leaf curl virus. Interestingly, this newly identified virus is composed of open reading frames (ORFs) from different origins. Phylogenetic networks and complementary recombination detection methods revealed extensive recombination among the sequences. The infectious clone of the newly detected virus was found to be fully infectious in C. album and Nicotiana benthamiana as the viral DNA was successfully reconstituted from systemically infected tissues of inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Our study reveals a new speciation of an emergent ssDNA plant virus associated with C. album through recombination and therefore, proposed the tentative name ‘Chenopodium leaf distortion virus’ (CLDV).
AbstractList Recombination between isolates of different virus species has been known to be one of the sources of speciation. Weeds serve as mixing vessels for begomoviruses, infecting a wide range of economically important plants, thereby facilitating recombination. Chenopodium album is an economically important weed spread worldwide. Here, we present the molecular characterization of a novel recombinant begomovirus identified from C. album in Lahore, Pakistan. The complete DNA- A genome of the virus associated with the leaf distortion occurred in the infected C. album plants was cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of the virus shared 93% identity with those of the rose leaf curl virus and the duranta leaf curl virus. Interestingly, this newly identified virus is composed of open reading frames (ORFs) from different origins. Phylogenetic networks and complementary recombination detection methods revealed extensive recombination among the sequences. The infectious clone of the newly detected virus was found to be fully infectious in C. album and Nicotiana benthamiana as the viral DNA was successfully reconstituted from systemically infected tissues of inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Our study reveals a new speciation of an emergent ssDNA plant virus associated with C. album through recombination and therefore, proposed the tentative name ‘Chenopodium leaf distortion virus’ (CLDV).
Recombination between isolates of different virus species has been known to be one of the sources of speciation. Weeds serve as mixing vessels for begomoviruses, infecting a wide range of economically important plants, thereby facilitating recombination. Chenopodium album is an economically important weed spread worldwide. Here, we present the molecular characterization of a novel recombinant begomovirus identified from C. album in Lahore, Pakistan. The complete DNA- A genome of the virus associated with the leaf distortion occurred in the infected C. album plants was cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of the virus shared 93% identity with those of the rose leaf curl virus and the duranta leaf curl virus. Interestingly, this newly identified virus is composed of open reading frames (ORFs) from different origins. Phylogenetic networks and complementary recombination detection methods revealed extensive recombination among the sequences. The infectious clone of the newly detected virus was found to be fully infectious in C. album and Nicotiana benthamiana as the viral DNA was successfully reconstituted from systemically infected tissues of inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Our study reveals a new speciation of an emergent ssDNA plant virus associated with C. album through recombination and therefore, proposed the tentative name ‘Chenopodium leaf distortion virus’ (CLDV).
Audience Academic
Author Ali, Muhammad
Shuja, Malik Nawaz
Lal, Aamir
Lee, Sukchan
Vo, Thuy T. B
Kil, Eui-Joon
Nattanong, Bupi
Qureshi, Muhammad Amir
Wira Sanjaya, I Gusti Ngurah Prabu
AuthorAffiliation 3 Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
2 Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
4 Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan
5 Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
1 Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan
– name: 2 Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
– name: 5 Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
– name: 1 Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
– name: 3 Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Lal, Aamir
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Kil, Eui-Joon
– sequence: 3
  fullname: Vo, Thuy T. B
– sequence: 4
  fullname: Wira Sanjaya, I Gusti Ngurah Prabu
– sequence: 5
  fullname: Qureshi, Muhammad Amir
– sequence: 6
  fullname: Nattanong, Bupi
– sequence: 7
  fullname: Ali, Muhammad
– sequence: 8
  fullname: Shuja, Malik Nawaz
– sequence: 9
  fullname: Lee, Sukchan
BookMark eNptkk2P0zAQhiO0SOwuHPgHkbjAIYvHH0l9QVqtlqVSBYiPszVxJsUlsYudVOLf47ariiLkg-2Zdx7PeOaquPDBU1G8BHYjhGZvdyCBcajrJ8UlaK0rqUFd_HV-VlyltGGsrjVrLovV0k8U05aso1R-IRvG1nmcXPDVirry695zuJahL7H8GHY0lA80Ou92Ls6pdL78jD9dmtA_L572OCR68bhfF9_f33-7-1CtPj0s725XlVUgpooz0QtZayVAd0wq3iokJducU0fYagCuaxC86cBKzlC0xAFZKwC5QsXEdbE8cruAG7ONbsT42wR05mAIcW0wTs4OZLRVTBJAp7GTfME0WtHW0rKei0YiZda7I2s7tyN1lvwUcTiDnnu8-2HWYWdyihzkIgNePwJi-DVTmszokqVhQE9hToY3XCvQ9UH66h_pJszR56_aqxYq9yd_ykm1xlyA833I79o91Nw2sm5gwRnPqpv_qPLqcm9sHoreZftZwJtjgI0hpUj9qUZgZj875jQ74g_r97Ui
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1094_PDIS_07_23_1346_RE
crossref_primary_10_3390_v15020487
Cites_doi 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00240.x
10.1007/s00705-002-0957-5
10.1006/viro.1999.0056
10.1614/WS-D-10-00059.1
10.3390/plants11010125
10.1038/s41598-020-78703-6
10.3390/v13030481
10.1006/viro.1994.1477
10.1146/annurev.genet.36.040202.111115
10.1038/s41598-018-37971-z
10.1111/mpp.12032
10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.006
10.3389/fmicb.2013.00151
10.3390/v13122385
10.1128/JVI.78.14.7698-7706.2004
10.1371/journal.pone.0019050
10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2719-PDN
10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00559.x
10.1093/ve/vev003
10.1186/1743-422X-11-181
10.1006/pmpp.2002.0404
10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00007-4
10.1093/molbev/msw054
10.1094/PD-77-0340
10.1038/srep19013
10.1007/s13313-021-00780-6
10.1128/JVI.00453-15
10.1016/S0022-2836(75)80083-0
10.1007/s00299-008-0540-y
10.1111/2041-210X.12410
10.1093/nar/gkz239
10.1006/viro.1994.1458
10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37216-2
10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135939
10.1080/07352689209382350
10.1099/jgv.0.000738
10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
10.1093/genetics/123.3.585
10.1007/s00705-012-1498-1
10.3389/fgene.2020.01014
10.1006/viro.1996.0264
10.1073/pnas.92.9.3879
10.1006/viro.2000.0739
10.1016/B978-0-12-249951-7.50004-3
10.1128/JVI.00541-21
10.3390/v7020647
10.1098/rstb.2017.0279
10.1023/A:1018484530615
10.1093/genetics/133.3.693
10.1038/nmeth.2109
10.1145/2016741.2016785
10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.030
10.1371/journal.pone.0108277
10.1385/MB:20:3:315
10.1093/ve/vex005
10.1007/s00705-015-2398-y
10.1006/viro.2002.1633
10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.12.014
10.1093/gbe/evs022
10.1086/282809
10.1038/nrg2323
10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x
10.1016/j.coviro.2014.12.005
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG
2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2022 by the authors. 2022
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG
– notice: 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2022 by the authors. 2022
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7U9
7X7
7XB
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/v14102166
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Biological Science Database
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Biological Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 1999-4915
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_9c504e11d9ad42809ac3b64c0f2374ae
A746718202
10_3390_v14102166
GeographicLocations Pakistan
United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Pakistan
– name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of the Republic of Korea
  grantid: #Z-1543086-2017-21-01
GroupedDBID ---
2WC
3V.
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABUWG
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CITATION
DIK
E3Z
EBD
ESTFP
ESX
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IHR
ISR
ITC
KQ8
LK8
M1P
M48
M7P
MODMG
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
PGMZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RIG
RPM
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
7U9
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
COVID
DWQXO
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c513t-203f34695319d0452b5ae54b066deab9112961327d1c420a3be21a0b31a25a503
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 1999-4915
IngestDate Tue Oct 22 15:11:39 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:30:46 EDT 2024
Sat Aug 17 00:17:50 EDT 2024
Mon Oct 28 02:49:02 EDT 2024
Wed Apr 24 18:06:12 EDT 2024
Tue Apr 23 05:04:13 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 04:36:11 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c513t-203f34695319d0452b5ae54b066deab9112961327d1c420a3be21a0b31a25a503
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0003-3810-8554
0000-0002-8255-7675
0000-0002-3393-6222
0000-0002-7256-3879
0000-0002-9964-0176
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9612148/
PQID 2728549195
PQPubID 2032319
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_9c504e11d9ad42809ac3b64c0f2374ae
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9612148
proquest_miscellaneous_2729519648
proquest_journals_2728549195
gale_infotracmisc_A746718202
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A746718202
crossref_primary_10_3390_v14102166
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20220930
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-09-30
PublicationDate_xml – month: 9
  year: 2022
  text: 20220930
  day: 30
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Viruses
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Letunic (ref_55) 2019; 47
Seol (ref_50) 2008; 27
Darriba (ref_54) 2012; 9
Posada (ref_10) 2002; 36
ref_14
ref_56
(ref_33) 1994; 203
Southern (ref_48) 1975; 98
ref_53
ref_52
Trenado (ref_11) 2019; 9
Lett (ref_13) 2021; 102
Matloob (ref_41) 2020; 134
Lima (ref_66) 2017; 3
Sanz (ref_16) 2000; 81
Fu (ref_59) 1993; 133
Zhu (ref_62) 2020; 10
Leigh (ref_61) 2015; 6
Kil (ref_49) 2016; 6
Brown (ref_24) 1994; 42
Briddon (ref_46) 2002; 20
Stapley (ref_8) 2017; 372
Monci (ref_65) 2002; 303
ref_23
Eslami (ref_40) 2011; 59
Briddon (ref_15) 1996; 219
Clement (ref_60) 2000; 9
ref_28
Watt (ref_6) 1972; 106
Zhang (ref_21) 2001; 279
ref_27
Hehnle (ref_31) 2004; 78
Rashid (ref_68) 2021; 50
Mansoor (ref_18) 2003; 8
(ref_4) 2021; 1
Kumar (ref_51) 2016; 33
Hoyer (ref_43) 2021; 95
Rojas (ref_12) 2005; 43
Mason (ref_3) 2020; 11
Varma (ref_19) 2003; 142
Lapidot (ref_67) 2014; 11
Ilyas (ref_69) 2013; 158
Brown (ref_29) 2015; 160
Fontes (ref_36) 1994; 269
Patil (ref_64) 2009; 10
Laufs (ref_35) 1995; 92
Padidam (ref_17) 1999; 265
Sunter (ref_34) 1994; 203
Tahir (ref_70) 2015; 7
Fondong (ref_37) 2019; 12
Rubio (ref_5) 2013; 4
Duffy (ref_7) 2008; 9
Zerbini (ref_26) 2017; 98
Lefeuvre (ref_63) 2015; 10
Roumagnac (ref_25) 2015; 89
Altenhofen (ref_38) 2013; 1
Fauquet (ref_20) 2003; 148
Lal (ref_44) 2020; 104
Fondong (ref_32) 2013; 14
Altschul (ref_45) 1997; 25
ref_2
Scheepens (ref_39) 1997; 2
Tajima (ref_58) 1989; 123
Harrison (ref_30) 2002; 60
Maeso (ref_1) 2012; 4
Lazarowitz (ref_22) 1992; 11
Rojas (ref_47) 1993; 77
Heyer (ref_9) 2004; 16
Martin (ref_57) 2015; 1
Shepherd (ref_42) 2008; 149
References_xml – volume: 142
  start-page: 145
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Emerging geminivirus problems: A serious threat to crop production
  publication-title: Ann. Appl. Biol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00240.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Varma
– volume: 148
  start-page: 405
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Revision of taxonomic criteria for species demarcation in the family Geminiviridae, and an updated list of begomovirus species
  publication-title: Arch. Virol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00705-002-0957-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Fauquet
– volume: 42
  start-page: 3
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Current status of Bemisia tabaci as a plant pest and virus vector in agroecosystems worldwide
  publication-title: FAO Plant Prot. Bull.
  contributor:
    fullname: Brown
– volume: 265
  start-page: 218
  year: 1999
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Possible Emergence of New Geminiviruses by Frequent Recombination
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1006/viro.1999.0056
  contributor:
    fullname: Padidam
– volume: 59
  start-page: 90
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Comparative germination and emergence ecology of two populations of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) from Iran and Denmark
  publication-title: Weed Sci.
  doi: 10.1614/WS-D-10-00059.1
  contributor:
    fullname: Eslami
– ident: ref_2
  doi: 10.3390/plants11010125
– volume: 10
  start-page: 21617
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_62
  article-title: Genomic recombination events may reveal the evolution of coronavirus and the origin of SARS-CoV-2
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78703-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhu
– volume: 102
  start-page: 001696
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Geminiviridae 2021
  publication-title: J. Gen. Virol.
  contributor:
    fullname: Lett
– ident: ref_27
  doi: 10.3390/v13030481
– volume: 203
  start-page: 203
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Heterologous Complementation by Geminivirus AL2 and AL3 Genes
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1477
  contributor:
    fullname: Sunter
– volume: 36
  start-page: 75
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Recombination in Evolutionary Genomics
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Genet.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.36.040202.111115
  contributor:
    fullname: Posada
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1332
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Recurrent speciation of a tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus in Portugal by recombination
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37971-z
  contributor:
    fullname: Trenado
– volume: 14
  start-page: 635
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Geminivirus protein structure and function
  publication-title: Mol. Plant Pathol.
  doi: 10.1111/mpp.12032
  contributor:
    fullname: Fondong
– volume: 12
  start-page: 145
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: The Ever-Expanding Role of C4/AC4 in Geminivirus Infection: Punching above Its Weight?
  publication-title: Mol. Plant
  doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.006
  contributor:
    fullname: Fondong
– volume: 4
  start-page: 151
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of viruses of the family Closteroviridae
  publication-title: Front. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00151
  contributor:
    fullname: Rubio
– ident: ref_28
  doi: 10.3390/v13122385
– volume: 78
  start-page: 7698
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Interaction of DNA with the movement proteins of geminiviruses revisited
  publication-title: J. Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7698-7706.2004
  contributor:
    fullname: Hehnle
– ident: ref_14
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019050
– volume: 104
  start-page: 2034
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: First Report of Duranta leaf curl virus Infecting Ficus virens Showing Leaf Curl Symptoms in Pakistan
  publication-title: Plant Dis.
  doi: 10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2719-PDN
  contributor:
    fullname: Lal
– volume: 10
  start-page: 685
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_64
  article-title: Cassava mosaic geminiviruses: Actual knowledge and perspectives
  publication-title: Mol. Plant Pathol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00559.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Patil
– volume: 1
  start-page: vev003
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_57
  article-title: RDP4: Detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes
  publication-title: Virus Evol.
  doi: 10.1093/ve/vev003
  contributor:
    fullname: Martin
– volume: 11
  start-page: 181
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_67
  article-title: Frequent migration of introduced cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses among Middle Eastern countries
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-181
  contributor:
    fullname: Lapidot
– volume: 60
  start-page: 257
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: Begomovirus coat protein: Serology, variation and functions
  publication-title: Physiol. Mol
  doi: 10.1006/pmpp.2002.0404
  contributor:
    fullname: Harrison
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Recombination Mechanisms: Fortieth Anniversary Meeting of the Holliday Model
  publication-title: Mol. Cell
  contributor:
    fullname: Heyer
– volume: 8
  start-page: 128
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Geminivirus disease complexes: An emerging threat
  publication-title: Trends Plant Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00007-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Mansoor
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1870
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Evolution, MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets
  publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol.
  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw054
  contributor:
    fullname: Kumar
– volume: 77
  start-page: 340
  year: 1993
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: Use of degenerate primers in the polymerase chain reaction to detect whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses
  publication-title: Plant Dis.
  doi: 10.1094/PD-77-0340
  contributor:
    fullname: Rojas
– volume: 6
  start-page: 19013
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-IL): A seed-transmissible geminivirus in tomatoes
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep19013
  contributor:
    fullname: Kil
– volume: 50
  start-page: 353
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_68
  article-title: Identification and molecular characterization of rose leaf curl virus in ornamental pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
  publication-title: Australas. Plant Pathol.
  doi: 10.1007/s13313-021-00780-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Rashid
– volume: 1
  start-page: 53
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Viral Populations
  publication-title: Encycl. Virol.
– volume: 89
  start-page: 9683
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Alfalfa Leaf Curl Virus: An Aphid-Transmitted Geminivirus
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00453-15
  contributor:
    fullname: Roumagnac
– volume: 1
  start-page: 133
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Complex regulation of Chenopodium album seed germination
  publication-title: Appl. Ecol. Environ. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Altenhofen
– volume: 98
  start-page: 503
  year: 1975
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis
  publication-title: J. Mol. Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(75)80083-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Southern
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1197
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: In planta transformation of Notocactus scopa cv. Soonjung by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
  publication-title: Plant Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1007/s00299-008-0540-y
  contributor:
    fullname: Seol
– ident: ref_53
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1110
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_61
  article-title: popart: Full-feature software for haplotype network construction
  publication-title: Methods Ecol. Evol.
  doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12410
  contributor:
    fullname: Leigh
– volume: 47
  start-page: W256
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_55
  article-title: Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v4: Recent updates and new developments
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz239
  contributor:
    fullname: Letunic
– volume: 203
  start-page: 90
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Geminivirus Replication Origins Have a Group-Specific Organization of Iterative Elements: A Model for Replication
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1458
– volume: 269
  start-page: 8459
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Interaction between a geminivirus replication protein and origin DNA is essential for viral replication
  publication-title: Int. J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37216-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Fontes
– volume: 43
  start-page: 361
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Exploiting Chinks in the Plant’s Armor: Evolution and Emergence of Geminiviruses
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135939
  contributor:
    fullname: Rojas
– volume: 11
  start-page: 327
  year: 1992
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Geminiviruses: Genome structure and gene function
  publication-title: Crit. Rev. Plant Sci
  doi: 10.1080/07352689209382350
  contributor:
    fullname: Lazarowitz
– volume: 98
  start-page: 131
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Geminiviridae
  publication-title: J. Gen. Virol.
  doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000738
  contributor:
    fullname: Zerbini
– volume: 25
  start-page: 3389
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
  contributor:
    fullname: Altschul
– volume: 123
  start-page: 585
  year: 1989
  ident: ref_58
  article-title: Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism
  publication-title: Genetics
  doi: 10.1093/genetics/123.3.585
  contributor:
    fullname: Tajima
– volume: 158
  start-page: 505
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_69
  article-title: Complete nucleotide sequences of two begomoviruses infecting Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) from Pakistan
  publication-title: Arch. Virol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00705-012-1498-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Ilyas
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1014
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Homoeologous Exchanges, Segmental Allopolyploidy, and Polyploid Genome Evolution
  publication-title: Front. Genet.
  doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01014
  contributor:
    fullname: Mason
– volume: 81
  start-page: 1839
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Multiple infection, recombination and genome relationships among begomovirus isolates found in cotton and other plants in Pakistan
  publication-title: J. Gen. Virol.
  contributor:
    fullname: Sanz
– volume: 219
  start-page: 387
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the treehopper-transmitted geminivirus, tomato pseudo-curly top virus, suggests a recombinant origin
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1006/viro.1996.0264
  contributor:
    fullname: Briddon
– volume: 92
  start-page: 3879
  year: 1995
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: In vitro cleavage and joining at the viral origin of replication by the replication initiator protein of tomato yellow leaf curl virus
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.9.3879
  contributor:
    fullname: Laufs
– volume: 279
  start-page: 471
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Structure of the Maize streak virus geminate particle
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0739
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– ident: ref_23
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-249951-7.50004-3
– volume: 95
  start-page: e00541-21
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Interspecies Recombination Has Driven the Macroevolution of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses
  publication-title: J. Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00541-21
  contributor:
    fullname: Hoyer
– volume: 7
  start-page: 647
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_70
  article-title: Ageratum enation virus—A Begomovirus of Weeds with the Potential to Infect Crops
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v7020647
  contributor:
    fullname: Tahir
– volume: 372
  start-page: 20170279
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Recombination: The good, the bad and the variable. Philos. Trans
  publication-title: R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0279
  contributor:
    fullname: Stapley
– volume: 2
  start-page: 71
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Biological control of the annual weed Chenopodium album, with emphasis on the application of Ascochyta caulina as a microbial herbicide
  publication-title: J. Integr. Pest Manag.
  doi: 10.1023/A:1018484530615
  contributor:
    fullname: Scheepens
– volume: 133
  start-page: 693
  year: 1993
  ident: ref_59
  article-title: Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations
  publication-title: Genetics
  doi: 10.1093/genetics/133.3.693
  contributor:
    fullname: Fu
– volume: 9
  start-page: 772
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_54
  article-title: jModelTest 2: More models, new heuristics and parallel computing
  publication-title: Nat. Methods
  doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2109
  contributor:
    fullname: Darriba
– ident: ref_52
  doi: 10.1145/2016741.2016785
– volume: 134
  start-page: 104724
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Challenges and prospects for weed management in Pakistan: A review
  publication-title: Crop Prot.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.030
  contributor:
    fullname: Matloob
– ident: ref_56
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108277
– volume: 20
  start-page: 315
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: Universal primers for the PCR-mediated amplification of DNA β
  publication-title: Mol. Biotechnol.
  doi: 10.1385/MB:20:3:315
  contributor:
    fullname: Briddon
– volume: 3
  start-page: vex005
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_66
  article-title: The diversification of begomovirus populations is predominantly driven by mutational dynamics
  publication-title: Virus Evol.
  doi: 10.1093/ve/vex005
  contributor:
    fullname: Lima
– volume: 160
  start-page: 1593
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Revision of Begomovirus taxonomy based on pairwise sequence comparisons
  publication-title: Arch Virol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00705-015-2398-y
  contributor:
    fullname: Brown
– volume: 303
  start-page: 317
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_65
  article-title: A Natural Recombinant between the Geminiviruses Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Exhibits a Novel Pathogenic Phenotype and Is Becoming Prevalent in Spanish Populations
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1633
  contributor:
    fullname: Monci
– volume: 149
  start-page: 97
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: A protocol for the rapid isolation of full geminivirus genomes from dried plant tissue
  publication-title: J. Virol. Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.12.014
  contributor:
    fullname: Shepherd
– volume: 4
  start-page: 486
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Widespread recurrent evolution of genomic features
  publication-title: Genome Biol. Evol.
  doi: 10.1093/gbe/evs022
  contributor:
    fullname: Maeso
– volume: 106
  start-page: 737
  year: 1972
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Intragenic Recombination as a Source of Population Genetic Variability
  publication-title: Am. Nat.
  doi: 10.1086/282809
  contributor:
    fullname: Watt
– volume: 9
  start-page: 267
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: Patterns and determinants
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/nrg2323
  contributor:
    fullname: Duffy
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1657
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: TCS: A computer program to estimate gene genealogies
  publication-title: Mol. Ecol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Clement
– volume: 10
  start-page: 14
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_63
  article-title: Recombination as a motor of host switches and virus emergence: Geminiviruses as case studies
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Virol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.12.005
  contributor:
    fullname: Lefeuvre
SSID ssj0066907
Score 2.3629992
Snippet Recombination between isolates of different virus species has been known to be one of the sources of speciation. Weeds serve as mixing vessels for...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
StartPage 2166
SubjectTerms begomovirus
Chenopodium album
Chenopodium leaf distortion virus
Cloning
Discovery and exploration
Enzymes
Flowers & plants
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Identification and classification
Infections
Leaf-curl
Nucleotide sequence
Open reading frames
Origin of species
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant viruses
Proteins
Recombination
Sequence analysis
Speciation
Virus diseases of plants
Virus research
Viruses
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NaxUxEB-kIHgR6weu1hKL4GlpPnc3x1qspZSeLPQWskkWH-g-ad974H_fmWTfs6sHLx53k0B2JpOZ3zLzG4APXKYmypZSdYKu9dDquuusqJXnqYsi2qYkyF4159f64sbcPGj1RTlhhR64CO7YBsN1ErjKRwyVufVB9Y0OfJCq1T7l25fbLZgqd3BDmK_wCCkE9ccbymaUIlMh_vY-maT_76v4z_TIB_7m7Bk8nQJFdlI2uA-P0vgcHpfWkb9ewGX-lUd1kgh1GYHIH4hxs5jryxRZ6StPj2w5MM-ulpv0nX3JVCKbxe36ji1GNoWP40u4Pvv89fS8njoj1MEItcKjrQaFwJYMKBIpem98MrrHD4_J95aCKPTTso0iaMm96pMUnvdKeGm84eoV7I3LMb0G5vuEakHDDBga2SbZOKB60J8N3sjBqgqOthJzPwsBhkPgQGJ1O7FW8IlkuZtAnNX5BWrSTZp0_9JkBR9JE44sC-Ue_FQggPskjip3Qp1RiG9eVnAwm4kWEebDW126ySLvnGypVtQKayp4vxumlZRlNqblOs_BgNM2uqugnZ2B2ZfNR8bFt8zKbYmLTXdv_oco3sITSWUWOS_lAPZWt-v0DoOfVX-Yz_k9jWUBJQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1bi9UwEB70LIIv4hWrq0QRfCrb3NrmSXZl10WWg4gL-1bSJNUD2q7nBv57Z9Kcs1bBxzYpbeaSzJdOvgF4U4hQelFRqo5Tueoqlde14bm0Rag996YcE2Tn5fml-nilr9KG2yqlVe7mxDhR-8HRHvmRqOisn-FGv7v-mVPVKPq7mkpo3IYDgUhBzODg5HT-6fNuLi4J-418QhLB_dGWshoFj5SIN6tQJOv_d0r-O03yj3Xn7D7cSwEjOx41_ABuhf4h3BlLSP56BBdxS4_OSyLkZQQmfyDWjeLOL4JnY315umRDxyybD9vwnX2IlCLbxXKzYouepTCyfwyXZ6df3p_nqUJC7jSXazRx2UkEuORInsjRW22DVi0O3AfbGgqmcL0WledOicLKNghui1ZyK7TVhXwCs37ow1Ngtg2oHnRQhyGSKYPxHaoJ17XOatEZmcHrncSa65EIo0EAQWJt9mLN4IRkue9A3NXxxrD82iRXaIzThQoc7cB6BD-FsU62pXJFJ2SlbMjgLWmiIQ9DuTubDgrgdxJXVXNMFVKId15kcDjpiZ7hps07XTbJM1fNjR1l8GrfTE9Stlkfhk3sg4GnKVWdQTWxgcnIpi394ltk5zbEyabqZ_9_-XO4K-ggRcw8OYTZerkJLzC8Wbcvkw3_Blj5-gI
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB6VIiQuFU-RPpBBSJwC8TPxAVUFUSpU9cRKvVmO48BKJaHb3RX998w42RUBDhwT21Iyj3i-eOYbgFeFiKYRJaXqBJWrtlR5VVmeS1_EquGNNUOC7IU5m6nPl_pyBzY9NkcB3vwT2lE_qdni6s3P69tjdPh3hDgRsr9dU66i4MbcgbuC-Lgog09tDxMMAcB0uGypoRrXA8HQdOlkW0rs_X9_o__Mm_xtIzp9AHtjBMlOBpU_hJ3YPYJ7Q0_J28dwnv7xUQElYmBG6PI7gt8k__w8NmxoOE-XrG-ZZxf9Ol6xT4ljZD1frG7YvGNjXNk9gdnpxy8fzvKxZUIeNJdLtHnZSkS85FkNsaXX2ketahRCE31tKbrCDVyUDQ9KFF7WUXBf1JJ7ob0u5FPY7fouPgPm64j6Qo8NGDNZE23Tot5wo2u9Fq2VGbzcSMz9GJgxHCIKEqvbijWD9yTL7QQis043-sVXN_qGs0EXKnI0DN8gGiqsD7I2KhStkKXyMYPXpAlHRoByD36sHMDnJPIqd0ItU4iIXmRwOJmJrhKmwxtduo2lOVFSEanlVmfwYjtMKyn9rIv9Ks3BSNQaVWVQTmxg8mbTkW7-LdF1WyJpU9X-f7_FAdwXVGSRslIOYXe5WMUjDH2W9fNk2L8Ats0ADw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Interspecies Recombination-Led Speciation of a Novel Geminivirus in Pakistan
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2728549195
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2729519648
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9612148
https://doaj.org/article/9c504e11d9ad42809ac3b64c0f2374ae
Volume 14
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9NAEB61RUhcUHkJ0xItCImTG3sftvfYhj5AbagQRblZ6_UaIjV2lSaR-PfMrO2A4cbFUbxryZ6Hdz7rm28B3kXcJSVPiapjZSirVIZZpuNQmMhlZVzqpCXITpOLG_lppmY7oPpeGE_at8X8qL5dHNXzH55bebew454nNr6-mmiSvZLZeBd2MUB7iN6-fhOCe62EkEA8P94QkZHHXgXx98Lj9fn_fQv_zYz8Y6k524fHXY3Ijtt7eQI7rn4KD9tdI38-g0v_FY9aJBHlMsKPC4S33sLhpStZu6U8_WVNxQybNht3y869ishmvlzfs3nNusqxfg43Z6dfJxdhtylCaFUsVhjVohKIaSl3StJDL5RxShb44KUzhab6CZdonpaxlTwyonA8NlEhYsOVUZF4AXt1U7uXwEzh0COYkxarIp04XVboGVzKKqN4pUUAb3uL5Xet9kWOmIHMmm_NGsAJ2XI7geSq_Ylm-T3vnJZrqyLpYnS9KRHvRNpYUSTSRhUXqTQugPfkiZySCu1uTdcbgPdJ8lT5MW2KQlLzPIDDwUxMBjsc7n2Zd8l4n_OU2kR1rFUAb7bDdCURzGrXrP0crDV1IrMA0kEMDJ5sOILx6QW5u3h89d9XHsAjTm0VnodyCHur5dq9xmJnVYwwxGfpCB6cnE6vv-Dv5PO3jx9G_tMBHs9nMR6vZDbySfAL6J0GuQ
link.rule.ids 230,315,730,783,787,867,888,2109,2228,12070,21402,24332,27938,27939,31733,31734,33758,33759,38530,43324,43819,43909,53806,53808,74081,74638,74748
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB5BKwQX3ohAAYOQOKVNbOfhEyqFsoVlubSoN8txHFgBSdmXBL-eGcfZskXiwDGxo9j5ZsYzzvgbgOcJd3nNC0rVsTKWTSHjslRpLEziyjqtVd4nyE7y0Yl8d5qdhg23eUirHGyiN9R1Z2mPfI8XdNZPpSp7efYjpqpR9Hc1lNC4DNu4sCYo1dsHHz8dvR5scU6xX88nJLB9b0VZjTz1lIjnq5An6__bJF9Mk_xj3Tm8AXoYcZ9u8nV3uah27a8LZI7_P6WbcD24pGy_l6FbcMm1t-FKX6Ty5x0Y-01DOpGJQTWjcPU7RtMe0HjsatZXsKdL1jXMsEm3ct_YW09asprOlnM2bVlwVNu7cHL45vhgFIcaDLHNUrFAJRKNwBCaVLUm-vUqMy6TFX7a2plKkbuGHgEv6tRKnhhROZ6apBKp4ZnJEnEPttqudfeBmcqhAKAJsOiEqdypukFBwJWzMRlvlIjg2YCJPuupNjSGKAScXgMXwStCa92B2LH9jW72WQdl08pmiXQpSpqpMbxKlLGiyqVNGi4KaVwELwhrTTqMyFoTjiLgOIkNS-9TDRZitucR7Gz0RN2zm80Dsjro_lyfwxrB03UzPUn5bK3rlr4PurYql2UExYaUbcxss6WdfvH834pY32T54N8vfwJXR8cfxnp8NHn_EK5xOrbh81x2YGsxW7pH6EwtqsdBY34DE0Af9w
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lj9MwEB7BIhAXxFMEFjAIiVPUxHYePqHlURaoKg6s1Jvl2M5SCZKlL4l_z4zjdglIHBM7SjIPz0zy-RuAlxn3peMVQXWsTGVbybSuVZ4Kk_na5U6VA0B2Xp6eyU-LYhHxT-sIq9yviWGhdr2lb-QTXtFeP5WrYtJGWMSXd9PXFz9T6iBFf1pjO42rcK2SGOjQtqvFofgqqQocmIUElvmTHeEbeR7IES_jUaDt_3dx_hsw-UcEmt6GWzF1ZCeDru_AFd_dhetDM8lf92AWPu7RzkksfhmVlT-w6g2CT2fesaHTPB2yvmWGzfud_84-BHKR3XK1XbNlx2JC2d2Hs-n7r29P09grIbVFLjZo7KIVWOqSSzmiSW8K4wvZ4Is7bxpFaRVGbl653EqeGdF4npusEbnhhSky8QCOur7zD4GZxqOi0FUtJkuq9Mq1qDCMcK0peKtEAi_2EtMXAyWGxlKCxKoPYk3gDcnyMIFYrMOJfnWuo1NoZYtM-hwtwjgsgzJlrGhKabOWi0oan8Ar0oQmX0O5WxO3DOBzEmuVPqFeKcRAzxM4Hs1EH7Hj4b0udfTRtb60qASeH4bpSsKddb7fhjmYgqpS1glUIxsYvdl4pFt-CzzditjZZP3o_zd_BjfQkPXs4_zzY7jJaXdFgKMcw9FmtfVPMOfZNE-DMf8GzJL_wg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interspecies+Recombination-Led+Speciation+of+a+Novel+Geminivirus+in+Pakistan&rft.jtitle=Viruses&rft.au=Lal%2C+Aamir&rft.au=Kil%2C+Eui-Joon&rft.au=Vo%2C+Thuy+T.+B&rft.au=Wira+Sanjaya%2C+I+Gusti+Ngurah+Prabu&rft.date=2022-09-30&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.issn=1999-4915&rft.eissn=1999-4915&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fv14102166&rft.externalDocID=A746718202
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon