Interrelations among Smoking Habits, Casual Blood Pressure and Intraocular Pressure in Middle and Old-Aged Japanese Residents

• Published in: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Vol. 7; no. 4; pp. 162 - 168
• Main Authors: TAKASHIMA, Yutaka, YOSHIDA, Masao, ISHIKAWA, Mamoru, MATSUNAGA, Naomi, UCHIDA, Yoshiko, KOKAZE, Akatsuki, SEKINE, Yasuko, RYU, Yuu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Japanese; English
• Published: Heidelberg THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HYGIENE 01.09.2002; Springer; BioMed Central; Springer-Verlag
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Environmental health; Glaucoma; Medical research; Medical sciences; Original; Tobacco, tobacco smoking; Toxicology; Asia; Japan; Japan, Honshu, Ibaraki Prefect; Human; Middle age; Tobacco smoking; Blood pressure; Japanese; Elderly; Intraocular pressure; effect modification; intraocular pressure; casual blood pressure; health check-up; smoking
• ISSN: 1342-078X; 1347-4715
• DOI: 10.1007/BF02897945

Objectives: To investigate the association of smoking habits with blood pressure (BP) and intraocular pressure (IOP), and to examine whether the smoking-BP association is related to the IOP level. Methods: This study was conducted on the basis of a cross-sectional design using annual health check-up data during one-year between August, 1999 and August, 2000 for 611 middle and old-aged Japanese residents living in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. Results: After adjustrnent for age, gender, body mass index and alcohol intake score, the proportion of hypertensives, and the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) of the subjects without antihypertensive medications were the highest (50. 40/0, 129. 6 mmHg and 75. 9 mmHg, respectively) in the "smokers of 25 or more cigarettes per day with intraocular pressure (IOP) ~:15 nunHg" of six subgroups crossed by three smoking categories (non-smokers, I to 24 cigarettes per day, and 25 or more cigarettes per day) and two IOP categories (less than 15 mmHg, and 15 mmHg or greater). On the other hand, the adjusted proportion of hypertensives, and the adjusted mean SBP and DBP decreased with increasing smoking category in the individuals with less than 15 InmHg of the IOP (p for trend=0. 028 for proportion of hypertensives, 0. 008 for the SBP, and 0. 001 for the DBP, respectively). Conclusions: Heavy smoking may be specifically related to 'high BP accompanied by high IOP', although the BP may be inversely associated with smoking under the condition without high IOP.