A rodent model of metabolic surgery for study of type 2 diabetes and positron emission tomography scanning of beta cell mass

• Published in: Surgery for obesity and related diseases Vol. 5; no. 2; pp. 212 - 217
• Main Authors: Inabnet, William B., M.D, Milone, Luca, M.D, Korner, Judith, M.D., Ph.D, Durak, Evren, M.D, Ahmed, Leaque, M.D, Pomrantz, Jill, D.V.M, Harris, Paul E., M.D, Bessler, Marc, M.D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2009
• Subjects: Animal model; Animals; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - diagnostic imaging; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnostic imaging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - surgery; Duodenostomy - methods; Gastrectomy - methods; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Goto-Kakizaki; Insulin-Secreting Cells - diagnostic imaging; Jejunostomy - methods; Male; Metabolic surgery; PET scanning; Positron emission tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography - methods; Rats; Surgery; Treatment Outcome; β-cell mass; Animal model; β-cell mass; Metabolic surgery; PET scanning; Diabetes mellitus; Goto-Kakizaki; Positron emission tomography
• ISSN: 1550-7289; 1878-7533
• DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2008.09.007

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide healthcare problem with major socioeconomic implications. Metabolic surgical procedures have been shown to improve diabetes, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rodent is a type 2 diabetic animal model that is ideally situated for studying the effect of surgery on diabetes; however, the operative mortality is high. The aim of this study was to describe the operative technique, improvements in perioperative management, and the technique of micro-positron emission tomography (PET) scanning of the β-cell mass in GK rodents. Methods A total of 53 GK rats were divided into 1 of 3 operative groups: sham, sleeve gastrectomy, and duodenojejunal bypass. A subset of animals underwent micro-PET scanning with [11C]-dihydrotetrabenazine to determine the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 binding index, an indicator of β-cell mass. Results The 30-day mortality in the sham and sleeve gastrectomy rodents was 0; however, 2 sleeve gastrectomy rodents developed enterocutaneous fistula and 1 developed an abscess. In the duodenojejunal bypass group, the initial mortality rate was close to 90%; however, refinements in the surgical technique and perioperative management (fluids, antibiotics, pain control) lowered the mortality rate to 60%. The surgical technique is discussed in detail. [11C]-Dihydrotetrabenazine uptake in the pancreas was demonstrated on micro-PET scanning in the sham and duodenojejunal bypass rodents. Conclusion Intensive medical management in the perioperative period and attention to the operative technique lowered the mortality. [11C]-Dihydrotetrabenazine micro-PET scanning is a feasible method for assessing the β-cell mass in GK rodents and could prove to be an important modality for evaluating β-cell performance in type 2 diabetes.