Characterization of the Early Events Leading to Totipotency in an Arabidopsis Protoplast Liquid Culture by Temporal Transcript Profiling

• Published in: The Plant cell Vol. 25; no. 7; pp. 2444 - 2463
• Main Authors: Chupeau, Marie-Christine, Granier, Fabienne, Pichon, Olivier, Renou, Jean-Pierre, Gaudin, Valérie, Chupeau, Yves
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society of Plant Biologists 01.07.2013; American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)
• Subjects: Agricultural sciences; Arabidopsis - cytology; Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism; Arabidopsis Proteins - physiology; Cell cycle; Cell Cycle - genetics; Cell Dedifferentiation - genetics; Cell Division - genetics; Cell walls; Cells, Cultured; Cluster Analysis; Cultured cells; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Ontology; Genes; Histones; Large-Scale Biology; LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLE; Life Sciences; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Plant cells; Plants; Protoplast culture; Protoplasts; Protoplasts - cytology; Protoplasts - metabolism; Regeneration - genetics; Regeneration - physiology; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stem cells; Time Factors; Totipotent Stem Cells - cytology; Totipotent Stem Cells - metabolism; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Transcription Factors - physiology; Transcriptome - genetics; plant cell; arabidopsis
• ISSN: 1040-4651; 1532-298X
• DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.109538

The molecular mechanisms underlying plant cell totipotency are largely unknown. Here, we present a protocol for the efficient regeneration of plants from Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. The specific liquid medium used in our study leads to a high rate of reentry into the cell cycle of most cell types, providing a powerful system to study dedifferentiation/regeneration processes in independent somatic cells. To identify the early events in the establishment of totipotency, we monitored the genome-wide transcript profiles of plantlets and protoplast-derived cells (PdCs) during the first week of culture. Plant cells rapidly dedifferentiated. Then, we observed the reinitiation and reorientation of protein synthesis, accompanied by the reinitiation of cell division and de novo cell wall synthesis. Marked changes in the expression of chromatin-associated genes, especially of those in the histone variant family, were observed during protoplast culture. Surprisingly, the epigenetic status of PdCs and well-established cell cultures differed, with PdCs exhibiting rare reactivated transposons and epigenetic changes. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study are interesting candidates for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant cell plasticity and totipotency. One of these genes, the plant-specific transcription factor ABERRANT LATERAL ROOT FORMATION4, is required for the initiation of protoplast division.