Heterologous expression of C. elegans fat-1 decreases the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

• Published in: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Vol. 428; no. 3; pp. 405 - 410
• Main Authors: An, Lei, Pang, Yun-Wei, Gao, Hong-Mei, Tao, Li, Miao, Kai, Wu, Zhong-Hong, Tian, Jian-Hui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 23.11.2012; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: 3T3-L1 Cells; 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; Adipocytes; Adipocytes - cytology; Adipocytes - metabolism; Adipogenesis; ADIPOSE TISSUE; Animals; APOPTOSIS; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans - enzymology; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - biosynthesis; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - genetics; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; Cell Proliferation; DIET; fat-1; FATS; fatty acid composition; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Fatty Acid Desaturases - biosynthesis; Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - metabolism; genes; IN VITRO; IN VIVO; LIPIDS; lipogenesis; METABOLIC DISEASES; Mice; obesity; omega-3 fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; stearoyl-CoA desaturase; 3T3-L1 cells; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; fat-1; Adipogenesis; Apoptosis
• ISSN: 0006-291X; 1090-2104; 1090-2104
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.068

► Expression of C. elegans fat-1 reduces the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in 3T3-L1 cells. ► fat-1 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. ► fat-1 reduces lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ► The lower n-6/n-3 ratio induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In general, a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibits the development of obesity and decreases adipose tissue. The specific impacts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on adipogenesis, however, have not been definitively determined. Traditional in vivo and in vitro supplementation studies have yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results, which likely reflect insufficiently controlled experimental systems. Caenorhabditiselegans fat-1 gene encodes an n-3 fatty acid desaturase, and its heterologous expression represents an effective method both for altering the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and for evaluating the biological effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. We sought to determine whether a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio could influence adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Lentivirus-mediated introduction of the fat-1 gene into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio and inhibited preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In mature adipocytes, fat-1 expression reduced lipid deposition, as measured by Oil Red O staining, and induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio inhibits adipogenesis through several mechanisms and that n-3 PUFAs more effectively inhibit adipogenesis (but not lipogenesis) than do n-6 PUFAs.