Exopolysaccharides Isolated from Milk Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria Prevent Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 1; p. 146
• Main Authors: Morifuji, Masashi, Kitade, Masami, Fukasawa, Tomoyuki, Yamaji, Taketo, Ichihashi, Masamitsu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13.01.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Attenuation; Bacteria; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cyclobutane; Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers; Cytokines - metabolism; Damage assessment; Damage prevention; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA repair; Erythema; Erythema - pathology; exopolysaccharide; Exopolysaccharides; Exposure; Female; Fermentation - drug effects; fermented milk; Fermented milk products; Hairless; Ingestion; Interferon; Interleukin 10; Lactic acid; Lactic Acid - metabolism; Lactic acid bacteria; Mice, Hairless; Milk; Models, Biological; mRNA; Polysaccharides - isolation & purification; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; Repair; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Rodents; Skin; Skin - drug effects; Skin - pathology; Skin - radiation effects; skin damage; Th1 Cells - drug effects; Th1 Cells - radiation effects; Th2 Cells - drug effects; Th2 Cells - radiation effects; ultraviolet; Ultraviolet radiation; Ultraviolet Rays; Xeroderma pigmentosum; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein - genetics; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein - metabolism; exopolysaccharide; skin damage; DNA damage; ultraviolet; fermented milk
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010146

We studied the mechanism by which fermented milk ameliorates UV-B-induced skin damage and determined the active components in milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria by evaluating erythema formation, dryness, epidermal proliferation, DNA damage and cytokine mRNA levels in hairless mice exposed to acute UV-B irradiation. Nine week-old hairless mice were given fermented milk (1.3 g/kg BW/day) or exopolysaccharide (EPS) concentrate (70 mg/kg BW/day) orally for ten days. Seven days after fermented milk or EPS administration began, the dorsal skin of the mice was exposed to a single dose of UV-B (20 mJ/cm²). Ingestion of either fermented milk or EPS significantly attenuated UV-B-induced erythema formation, dryness and epidermal proliferation in mouse skin. Both fermented milk and EPS were associated with a significant decrease in cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and upregulated mRNA levels of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA), which is involved in DNA repair. Furthermore, administration of either fermented milk or EPS significantly suppressed increases in the ratio of interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12a and IL-10/interferon-gamma mRNA levels. Together, these results indicate that EPS isolated from milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria enhanced DNA repair mechanisms and modulated skin immunity to protect skin against UV damage.