Fumigation and contact activities of 18 plant essential oils on Villosiclava virens, the pathogenic fungus of rice false smut

Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens , is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin residues in rice. In this study, 18 plant essential oils (PEOs) were selected to evaluate antifungal activity via fumigation and contact methods...

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Published in	Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 7330
Main Authors	Zheng, Jingge, Liu, Tingting, Guo, Zhixin, Zhang, Lan, Mao, Liangang, Zhang, Yanning, Jiang, Hongyun
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Nature Publishing Group UK 14.05.2019 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	631/92 631/92/349 Antifungal activity Bark Chemical composition Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamon Contamination Essential oils False smut Fumigation Fungi Fungicides Fungicides, Industrial - toxicity Gas chromatography Germination Humanities and Social Sciences Hyphae Hypocreales - drug effects Hypocreales - growth & development Hypocreales - ultrastructure Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy multidisciplinary Mycelia Mycotoxins Oils & fats Oils, Volatile - toxicity Oryza Oryza - microbiology Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant Diseases - prevention & control Pollution control Rice Scanning electron microscopy Science Science (multidisciplinary) Villosiclava virens
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Abstract	Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens , is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin residues in rice. In this study, 18 plant essential oils (PEOs) were selected to evaluate antifungal activity via fumigation and contact methods against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of V . virens . The primary compositions of PEOs with stronger fungistatic activity were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), and the changes in the mycelial morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal tests showed that cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil had stronger fumigation and contact effects on V . virens than the other oils tested. The primary active composition in both cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil was trans -cinnamaldehyde, which exhibited contact activities with EC 50 values of 2.13 and 35.9 μg/mL against mycelial growth and conidial germination, respectively. The hyphae surface morphological alterations caused by cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans -cinnamaldehyde included shriveling, vacuolation and exfoliation. In conclusion, cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil have the potential to prevent and control RFS, and trans -cinnamaldehyde is a promising natural lead compound for new fungicide discoveries to control RFS contamination and mycotoxin residues in rice.
AbstractList	Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens , is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin residues in rice. In this study, 18 plant essential oils (PEOs) were selected to evaluate antifungal activity via fumigation and contact methods against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of V . virens . The primary compositions of PEOs with stronger fungistatic activity were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), and the changes in the mycelial morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal tests showed that cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil had stronger fumigation and contact effects on V . virens than the other oils tested. The primary active composition in both cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil was trans -cinnamaldehyde, which exhibited contact activities with EC 50 values of 2.13 and 35.9 μg/mL against mycelial growth and conidial germination, respectively. The hyphae surface morphological alterations caused by cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans -cinnamaldehyde included shriveling, vacuolation and exfoliation. In conclusion, cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil have the potential to prevent and control RFS, and trans -cinnamaldehyde is a promising natural lead compound for new fungicide discoveries to control RFS contamination and mycotoxin residues in rice. Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens, is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin residues in rice. In this study, 18 plant essential oils (PEOs) were selected to evaluate antifungal activity via fumigation and contact methods against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of V. virens. The primary compositions of PEOs with stronger fungistatic activity were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), and the changes in the mycelial morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal tests showed that cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil had stronger fumigation and contact effects on V. virens than the other oils tested. The primary active composition in both cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil was trans-cinnamaldehyde, which exhibited contact activities with EC values of 2.13 and 35.9 μg/mL against mycelial growth and conidial germination, respectively. The hyphae surface morphological alterations caused by cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans-cinnamaldehyde included shriveling, vacuolation and exfoliation. In conclusion, cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil have the potential to prevent and control RFS, and trans-cinnamaldehyde is a promising natural lead compound for new fungicide discoveries to control RFS contamination and mycotoxin residues in rice. Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens, is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin residues in rice. In this study, 18 plant essential oils (PEOs) were selected to evaluate antifungal activity via fumigation and contact methods against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of V. virens. The primary compositions of PEOs with stronger fungistatic activity were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), and the changes in the mycelial morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal tests showed that cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil had stronger fumigation and contact effects on V. virens than the other oils tested. The primary active composition in both cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil was trans-cinnamaldehyde, which exhibited contact activities with EC50 values of 2.13 and 35.9 μg/mL against mycelial growth and conidial germination, respectively. The hyphae surface morphological alterations caused by cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans-cinnamaldehyde included shriveling, vacuolation and exfoliation. In conclusion, cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil have the potential to prevent and control RFS, and trans-cinnamaldehyde is a promising natural lead compound for new fungicide discoveries to control RFS contamination and mycotoxin residues in rice. Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens, is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin residues in rice. In this study, 18 plant essential oils (PEOs) were selected to evaluate antifungal activity via fumigation and contact methods against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of V. virens. The primary compositions of PEOs with stronger fungistatic activity were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), and the changes in the mycelial morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal tests showed that cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil had stronger fumigation and contact effects on V. virens than the other oils tested. The primary active composition in both cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil was trans-cinnamaldehyde, which exhibited contact activities with EC50 values of 2.13 and 35.9 μg/mL against mycelial growth and conidial germination, respectively. The hyphae surface morphological alterations caused by cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans-cinnamaldehyde included shriveling, vacuolation and exfoliation. In conclusion, cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil have the potential to prevent and control RFS, and trans-cinnamaldehyde is a promising natural lead compound for new fungicide discoveries to control RFS contamination and mycotoxin residues in rice.Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens, is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin residues in rice. In this study, 18 plant essential oils (PEOs) were selected to evaluate antifungal activity via fumigation and contact methods against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of V. virens. The primary compositions of PEOs with stronger fungistatic activity were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), and the changes in the mycelial morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal tests showed that cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil had stronger fumigation and contact effects on V. virens than the other oils tested. The primary active composition in both cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil was trans-cinnamaldehyde, which exhibited contact activities with EC50 values of 2.13 and 35.9 μg/mL against mycelial growth and conidial germination, respectively. The hyphae surface morphological alterations caused by cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans-cinnamaldehyde included shriveling, vacuolation and exfoliation. In conclusion, cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon oil have the potential to prevent and control RFS, and trans-cinnamaldehyde is a promising natural lead compound for new fungicide discoveries to control RFS contamination and mycotoxin residues in rice.
ArticleNumber	7330
Author	Zheng, Jingge Guo, Zhixin Zhang, Lan Liu, Tingting Zhang, Yanning Mao, Liangang Jiang, Hongyun
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jingge surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Jingge organization: Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Tingting surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Tingting organization: Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhixin surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Zhixin organization: Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: Lan surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Lan organization: Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: Liangang surname: Mao fullname: Mao, Liangang organization: Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Yanning surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yanning organization: Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 7 givenname: Hongyun surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Hongyun email: ptnpc@vip.163.com organization: Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Snippet	Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens , is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin... Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens, is an emerging devastating disease of rice panicles worldwide and produces yield loss and mycotoxin...
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SubjectTerms	631/92 631/92/349 Antifungal activity Bark Chemical composition Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamon Contamination Essential oils False smut Fumigation Fungi Fungicides Fungicides, Industrial - toxicity Gas chromatography Germination Humanities and Social Sciences Hyphae Hypocreales - drug effects Hypocreales - growth & development Hypocreales - ultrastructure Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy multidisciplinary Mycelia Mycotoxins Oils & fats Oils, Volatile - toxicity Oryza Oryza - microbiology Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant Diseases - prevention & control Pollution control Rice Scanning electron microscopy Science Science (multidisciplinary) Villosiclava virens
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Title	Fumigation and contact activities of 18 plant essential oils on Villosiclava virens, the pathogenic fungus of rice false smut
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